篇一：英语论文中常用词汇和短语
英语论文中常用词汇和短语
差别
gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. AlthoughMMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage,this difference failed to achieve statistical significance.
存在，出现
occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present
多数，少数
the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful
方法
approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools
发生率
Incidence, frequency, prevalence
In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.
发现，阐明，报道，证实
verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize,clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate,illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal,display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply,disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening，isolation
改变
change, alteration,
高，增加
high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced
各种，多种
in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors
关系，相关，参与
closely involved in, associated,
广泛的
in an extensive survey
进行
conducte， perform, carry out,
降，少，缺
decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression,deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completelyabsent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous andweaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable ordramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barelydetectable, no expression was found,
角色，起作用
role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve antiapoptotic functions
可能性
feasibility
密切地
intimately
难理解的，似谜的
enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)
潜在假定的
potential, candidate, putative,
缩写
abbreviations
识别，辨别
discernment
事件
Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.
a putative tumor initiating event
a (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,
a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processes
a common event associated with the mechanisms of
a common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapy
a common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicants
a common event （that occurs） during apoptosis is……
acommon event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastictransformation that directly or indirectly involves activation ofspecific tyrosine kinase signaling pathways a common event through which
a common event in vivo
a rather common event of unknown biological significance
a common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrations
a common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significance
a common event contributing to
arare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation,stressful, critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory,early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward,upstream, irreversible, very frequent event
提供，帮助
provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in
篇二：英语学术论文常用词汇与短语
英语学术论文常用词汇与短语
差别：gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference 存在，出现：occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present
多数，少数：the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful 方法：approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools
发生率：Incidence, frequency, prevalence
发现，阐明，报道，证实：
verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，
facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation
改变：change, alteration
高，增加：high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced
降，少，缺：
decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed
各种，多种：in multiple types of, in various types of, in a variety of
关系，相关，参与：closely involved in, associated
广泛的：in an extensive survey
执行：perform, carry out
角色，起作用：role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role）
可能性：feasibility
密切地：intimately
难理解的，似谜的：enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)
潜在假定的：potential, candidate, putative
缩写：abbreviations
识别，辨别：discernment
提供，帮助：provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in 调节（失调，上调，下调）：dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation
推测： presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction
显著,优先的:
prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent
相同，同等并列：with a similar pattern to
协同，加强：synergize with
研究:
analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore
一致：which is in accord with the results,
which corroborated the results which supported the results
优缺点：merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental
异常：aberration, abnormality
重要：crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance
相反：On the contrary, In contrary,but quite on the contrary，
in sharp contrast, contrary to what would be expected，Contrary to the expectation that 与一起：in combination with, coupled with
由于、鉴于：In light of，In view that
篇三：一些英文sci论文常用的句式和短语
一些英文sci论文常用的句式和短语
Introducing your work
The study will begin by outlining...
This study addresses a number of issues...
Chapters X and X concentrate on...
The following section sets out...
...to examine the research problem in detail
...to shed light on a number of problem areas in current theory
The paper presented here is based in part on an earlier study
Defining the scope of your study
The focus of the study is...
The central question to be examined in this paper is...
The study is important for a number of reasons:
Present understanding of...is limited.
Many authors would agree that...
Previous studies have shown or suggested that...
The problem has been much discussed in recent literature.
This approach has a number of advantages: firstly,...
The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that...
A fuller discussion of...will appear in a later publication.
Arguing for and against
This point is particularly relevant to...
This becomes clear when one examines...
This lends weight to the argument that...
Support for this interpretation comes from...
To put it another way,...
This raises the question whether...
While it may well be valid that..., this study argues the importance of...
This begs the question why...
A serious drawback of this approach is...
One of the prime failings of this theory or explanation is...
Reviewing other work
X's study is a textbook example of...
X's work has had a profound influence on...
The study contains a number of new and important insights:
X makes a strong case for...
X takes little or no account of...
There is little evidence to suggest that...
It is very much an oversimplification to...
The study offers only cursory examination of...
X gives a detailed if not always tenable analysis of...
The authors' claim that...is not well founded.
X's explanation is not implausible, if not entirely satisfactory.
Analysis and explanation
One tentative proposal might be that...
If, for the sake of argument, we assume...
One of the most obvious consequences of...is...
This would appear to be supported by...
There is some evidence to suggest that...
The importance of...is demonstrated clearly by...
Although it may well be true that..., it is important not to overlook...
It is important to distinguish carefully between...
It is not necessarily the case that...
The extent to which this reflects...is unclear.
A more plausible explanation for or of...would...
The reason for...is unknown, but...has been suggested by X as a possible factor.
Summary and conclusions
Concluding this section, we can say that...
Chapter X draws together the main findings of the paper.
The study has gone some way towards understanding...
A number of key issues have been addressed in this study.
The results lend strong support to...
This study has highlighted a number of problem areas in existing theory.
While the initial findings are promising, further research is necessary.
This raises a number of questions for future research.
The results of this study suggest a number of new avenues for research.
英文文章常用表达和写法
1.xx 的特征在于: xx is characterized by…
2.xx 的2 个重要特征是：Two critical characteristics of xx are …
3.爱因斯坦指出xx 的特征如下：Einstein identified the following characteristicsof xx…
4.Generally, … 一般来讲，原则上 … 千万不要用in principle，此原则非彼原则也
5.已经采用了：have adopted …
6.近年来：in recent years
7.over/during the past 10 years. 比如我们说SC 过去10 年间发展很快，用over，over 是一段时间的事儿；during 是事情发生在什么期间，有时间点的意思。
8.出于各种原因：for a variety of reasons
9.此外，另外：moreover, in addition
10.即：“…, namely …”
11.A 与B 的区别在于：A and B differ in the terms of …
12.谈及，关于：In terms of…
13.这些区别是因为：some of the difference stem from…
14.为了让：In order for xx to …
15.很大程度上依赖于rely heavily on …
16.基于… is based on…
17.不是…而是… not …, but rather …
18.这方面的例子有… “…, exemplified by …”
19.严格限制：impose the stringent restrictions on …; 受到这些限制：besubject to the restrictions.
20.产生这个问题的原因与…有关：The problem arises in part from …[Tip]：多用although, however, while, moreover, in addition 这样的词儿，句子之间的逻辑关系显得很清楚，读paper 的人会觉得你的论文很清爽，
论文写作常用词汇和短语
论文写作的一些常用词汇和短语，希望大家也能用得上：
差别gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance.
存在，出现occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present
多数，少数the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked
majority, handful
方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools
发生率Incidence, frequency, prevalence
In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.
发现，阐明，报道，证实verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation
改变change, alteration,
高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced
各种，多种in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors
关系，相关，参与closely involved in, associated,
广泛的in an extensive survey
进行conducte， perform, carry out,
降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective,
negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous and weaker expression, completely
negative, was not detectable or dramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barely detectable, no expression was found,
角色，起作用role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve antiapoptotic functions
可能性feasibility
密切地intimately
难理解的，似谜的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)
潜在假定的potential, candidate, putative,
缩写abbreviations
识别，辨别discernment
事件
Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.
a putative tumor initiating event
a (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,
a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processes
a common event associated with the mechanisms of
a common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapy
a common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicants
a common event （that occurs） during apoptosis is……
a common event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectly involves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathways a common event through which
a common event in vivo
a rather common event of unknown biological significance
a common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrations
a common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significance
a common event contributing to
a rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful, critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward, upstream, irreversible, very frequent event
提供，帮助provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in
调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation,
推测presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论) 无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitously
显著,优先的prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent,
相关性
related, more relevant with ，the relevance of
no intergroup difference，irrespective of
There was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.
Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.
No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.
we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade, histological type).
相同，同等并列
The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itself
《英语论文常见短语》
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