篇一：新初二英语阅读理解猜测词义题
如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义
词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。我们必须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词组；了解构词法知识，如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀，以及词语的合成和转化等；并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。尽管如此，在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义，因此，我们必须学会如何猜测词义。任何一个词语，在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑：
一、根据定义或解释猜测词义
A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
What does the word “carpenter” mean in Chinese?
A. 诗人 B. 木匠 C. 厨师 D. 伐木工人
通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter是B“木匠”
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”….
Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.” John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.
A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag 在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。
二、根据情景和逻辑进行判断
As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.
In the text, “put an end to” means “______”.
A. Stop B. Cut C. Kill D. fly
根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。
三、根据并列或同位或对比关系猜测词义
There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.
What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?
A. 自来水 B. 大气 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽
从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. What does the word “grubby” mean in Chinese?
A. 干净的 B. 白皙的 C. 肮脏的 D. 整齐的
和clean意思相对的是“肮脏的”，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”
四、根据因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.
What does the word “blame” mean in Chinese?
A. 表扬B. 告诉 C. 责备 D. 原谅
通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可知blame的词义是"责备"。She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
What does the word “trim” mean in Chinese? 根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意
五、根据构词法知识猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，（dis－disadvantage（缺点）in- incorrect（不正确的）im-impossible（不可能的）un- unemployment（失业）mis－misunderstand（误解）Re- reuse（重复使用）就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如：
The colors of Hawaii in Summer are unforgettable.
What does the word “unforgettable” mean in Chinese?
A. 淡忘的B. 清晰的 C. 难忘的 D. 高兴的
利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的词forget，我们可以知道unforgettable就是“令人难忘的”意思。
六、根据背景和常识判断
The following morning when I went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly surprised! What had happened! I had taken extremely care of my little bird. Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “A mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”
An ornithologist['?rn?'θɑl?d??st] is probably a person who ______.
A. studies birds B. loves creatures C. majors in habits D. takes care of trees Ornithologist 这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案是A。
A. teacher, teacherB. doctor, doctorC. teacher, doctor
() 2. If child is ill, you may call Zhangjing. Her telephone number is _______
A. (010) 6594231 B. (010) 68028401 C. 100029
() 3. A card mainly tells us a person's _____.
A.name and work B. telephone number C. both A and B
() 4. Harry Green e-mail is _________.
A.chinlj@sohu.com B. chanlj@soh.com C. chinj@sohu.com
() 5. Zhang Jing's postal code is _____.
A. 100045 B. 100029 C. (010) 68028401
答案C B C A A
这道题，建议只看一遍是为了测试看你的瞬间记忆能力如何，在实际的日常生活中，我们经常会遇到类似的问题。 阅读第一篇常考，简单，快速，用时少
B. Most people who work in the office have a boss (老板). So do I (我也是). But my boss is a little unusual. What's unusual about him? It's a big dig. Many men have dogs, but few men bring their dogs to the office every day. My boss's dog, Robinson, is big and brown. My boss brings him to work every day. He takes the dog to meetings and he takes the dog to lunch. When there is telephone call for my boss, I always know if he is in the office. I only look under his desk. If I see something brown and hairy (毛绒绒的) under it, I know my boss is somewhere in the office. If there is no dog , I know my boss is out.
1. People _________bring dogs to the office.
A. usuallyB. often C. seldom (几乎不)D. sometimes
2. My boss is Robinson's ________.
A. boss B. master C. classmateD. teacher
3. Robinson goes to meetings _________ my boss.
A. for B. without C. instead of (代替)D. with
4. Robinson is always under the desk if the boss is _________.
A. in the officeB. at meetings C. out of the office D. out of work
5. The passage tells us the boss _________ the dog very much.
A. looks like B. hates (恨) C. likes D. trust(信任) 答案C B D A C
1.由日常生活的常识可知，很少有人带狗上班
2.通读全文，我的BOSS 是个人，也就是说是狗的主人
3.with有“跟某人一起”的意思，例如：I go to see a film with my parents.”
5.通过整篇文章的阅读，可以判断除了C外，其他的选项都不符合原文的意思
C.When people meet each other for the first time in Britain, they say “How do you do?”and shake hands(握手). Usually they do not shake hands when they just meet or say goodbye. But they shake hands after they haven’t met for a long time or
when they will be away from each other for a long time.
Last year a group of German students went to England for a holiday. Their teacher told them that the English people hardly shake hands. So when they met their English friends at the station, they kept their hands behind their backs. The English students had learned that the Germans shake hands as often as possible, so they put their hands in front and got ready to shake hands with them. It made both of them laugh.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案，将其标号填入题前括号内。（2×5）
（1）It isif you know the language and some of the customs of the country.
A.not useful B.not helpful C.very helpful D.very bad
（2）English people usually shake hands when they .
A.meet every time B.meet for the first time
C.say goodbye to each otherD.say hello to each other
（3）Usually English people don’t shake hands .
A.when they will be away for a long time
B.when they say“How do you do?”
C.when they just meet or say goodbye
D.after they haven’t met for a long time
（4）Which is right?
A.German people shake hands as often as possible.
B.English people like shaking hands very much.
C.German people hardly shake hands.
D.Neither English people nor Germans like shaking hands.
（5）This story is about .
A.shaking hands B.languages
C.customsD.languages and customs
答案： (1) C (2) B (3) C (4) A (5) C
D. Visitors to London often eat in restaurants . The owners and workers in them are all from other countries. The visitors say in these restaurants they don't feel they are in England. Most of English people eat at home as much as they can. Sometimes they themselves will think they are in another country when they are in restaurants. When an Englishman goes out of a restaurant, he may find that he doesn't understand why everything is written in French and Italian.
Most of English people think it is better to eat at home, because it is cheaper. They don't want to spend much money on food and they like cooking at home. They like fast food. But for Christmas, they will spend two or three weeks to get ready for it, because they want to have good food.
6. Visitors to London often eat in restaurants because_________.
A. they don't like the food at home B. their homes are not in London
C. it's cheaper D. restaurants are beautiful places
7. When English people eat in restaurants , they sometimes think __________.
A. they are in another country B. they are in the country
C. they are themselves D. they love their country
8. Some of English people don't know __________.
A. why everything comes from French and Italian
B. why people write everything in French and Italian
C. everything in restaurants
D. everyone in restaurants
9. English people eat at home because __________.
A. it is fastB. the food is expensive at home
C. it is sometimes very cheapD. the food is very cheap at home
10._________ English people will spend much time for Christmas .
A. In order to get more food B. In order to have much food
C. In order to get good food D. In order to have enough food
6.B游客由于家不在伦敦，只好到餐馆吃饭。
7.A由于英国人不习惯在外吃饭，就餐者多为外国人，因此英国人误以为在外国。
8.B英国人搞不明白为什么餐馆里的东西用法语和意大利语来写。
9.D英国人在家吃饭，主要原因是便宜。
10.C为了在过圣诞节时能吃上丰盛的饭菜，英国人总要花上很长时间准备。
E. The world is not hungry , but it is thirsty . It seems strange that nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water while we say we are short of (短缺) water. Why? Because about 97% of water on the earth is sea water which we can't drink or use for watering plants directly (直接地) . Man can only drink and use the 3% - the water that comes from rivers and lakes. And we can't even use all of that, because some of it has been polluted (污染) .
Now more water is needed. The problem is: Can we avoid (避免) a serious water shortage later on? First, we should all learn how to save water. Secondly, we should find out the ways to reuse it . Scientists have always been making studies in the field. Today, in most large cities water is used only once and then runs to the sea or rivers . But it can be used again. Even if (即使) every large city reused its water, still there would not be enough. What could people turn to next?
The sea seems to have the best answer. There is a lot of water in the sea. All that needs to be done is to get the salt out of the sea water. This is expensive, but it's already used in many parts of the world. Scientists are trying to find a cheaper way of doing it. So you see, if we can find a way out, we'll be in no danger of drying up. 1 . The world is thirsty because ________.
A. 3/4 of the earth is covered with water
B. we have enough sea water to use directly
C. we haven't used all the water in rivers and lakes
D. about 97% of water on the earth can't be drunk or used for watering plants directly
2. Which of the following is true ?
A. 3% of water on the earth is in rivers and lakes.
B. 75% of water on the earth is the sea.
C. 97% of the earth is covered with water.
D. 3% of water on the earth is sea water.
3. From the passage we learn _________.
篇二：阅读理解-词义猜测
英语阅读理解题型专项复习----词义猜测
一、猜测词义通常分为两大类：
一是大纲要求掌握的词汇，但是熟词新义，并不是很容易把握；
二是超纲词汇，即要求考生根据文章猜测词义。
三是根据上下文判断代词it, this, he 和they等的指代关系。
二、设问形式
1. The underlined word/ phrase “…” in Paragraph 2 most probably means____.
2. By “…” (Paragraph 2), the author means ____.
3. The word “…” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.
4. “They” in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to ___.
5. The word “that” in Line 3 stands for____.
6. In Line 8 the word “…” could best be replaced by___.
三、解题策略：
1. 释义法。阅读文章中某些生词在上下文中得到解释或说明。这些解释以下定义、定语从句、标点符号（逗号/破折号/括号）、解释词（or/that is /that is to say/in other words）、表语形式出现
2. 举例法。在一些文章中，下文所举的例子（如 for example/for instance/such as/like/namely）给考生猜测词义提供线索。
3. 构词法。考生依据构词法方面的知识对生词进行猜测。特别要掌握常见的前缀和后缀。※前缀：super-（超）;inter-（在…之间）,mini-（极少的/微型的）, micro-（极微小的）其他前缀：re-重复, co-共同、平等, mini-微型, over-过度, super-超级, pre-前, post-后, vice-副的, en-使, tele-远程
否定前缀：dis-, in-, mis-, un-, non-；
※后缀：-proof（防…的，…不能穿透的）,-some（易于…的）,-less（不，无）,- 后缀，构成可数名词：-er, -or, -ian, -ist, -ese, -ess
后缀，构成抽象名词：-ment, -tion, -ness, -sion, -ery, -ing
形容词后缀：-al, -ble, -er, -ful, -ish, -ive, -less, -y, -ous
动词后缀：-en, -ize, -ify 例：weaken, realize, satisfy
4. 对比法。根据词语之音的对等（and ,or ）或相反（but , however, on the other hand , though）关系猜测词义。
5. 上下文法。根据上下文找复现或同现信息。
6.常识法。考生利用生活常识、英语语言常识、英语国家文化常识进行猜测词义。
四、词义猜测练习
1. The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in time. It is true that lighthouses were built in places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience. …
68. The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” in Paragraph 4 means ____________.
A. far-awayB. dangerousC. ancientD. secret
2. Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”
70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means A. value B. result C. performanceD. connection
3. …Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. …
65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?
A. To encourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
4. A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
5. …The plants are about one meter apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high. is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.
68．In the first paragraph ,the word “pruning” means .
A．regular cutting of the plantB．frequent watering
C．regular use of chemicalsD．growing the plants high in the mountain
6. “No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today. “ I just don’t buy it.” Nor should he: in 1999 the U.S. Department of education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. …
58. The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means _______
A. mind B. admit C. believe D. expect
7. “Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.
62. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text?
A. Growing interest in organic food.B. Better quality of organic food.
C. Rising market for organic food. D. Higher prices of organic food.
8. However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject.
71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.
A. try very hardB. take our time
C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful
9. “I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛) going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.”
63. The meaning of “” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________ .
A. shameB. hate C. angerD. fear
10 Dave rowed steadily ahead, relying of a mental picture of the surroundings. Then the mist began being broken by the fish breaking through the surface as they leaped out of the water for low-flying insects.
41. The underlined word “” in Paragraph 6 refers to .
A. fishB. boatC. silenceD. mist
五、真题训练。
For the first time in modem history, less than half of the U.S. adult population now reads literature, according to a recent survey. Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America presents a detailed review of the decline of reading's role in the nation's culture.
Reading at Risk is a survey of national fashion in adult literary reading. The data source for Reading at Risk is as reliable and objective (客观的) as any such survey can be. The key results of the survey are presented in the "Summary", but the report can be further explained as: literary reading in America is not only declining rapidly among all groups, but the rate of decline has been speeded up, especially among the young. Reading at Risk merely shows a greatthat most Americans have already noted – our society's great turn to electronic media for entertainment and information.
Reading a book requires a degree of active attention and devotion. Indeed, reading itself is a progressive skill that depends on years of education and practice. On the contrary, most electronic media such as television, recordings, and radio make fewer demands on their audiences, and indeed often require no more than passive participation. While oral culture has a rich reality and electronic media offer the considerable advantages of variety, print culture affords irreplaceable forms of focused attention and thought that make various communications and views possible. The decline in reading, therefore, equals a larger retreat (减少) from participation in public and cultural life.
What is to be done? There is surely no single solution to the present problem, just as there is no single cause. The important thing now is to understand that America can no longer take active and devoted reading for granted.
Reading is not a timeless, common ability. As more Americans lose this ability, our nation becomes less informed, active, and independent minded. These are not qualities that a free, inventive, or productive society can afford to lose.
1 The main purpose of the survey is to_______.
A. focus on the role of electronic media and reading
B. show that American young people read less and less
C. give a report of the national fashion of literary reading
D. review that less than half of the population now reads literature
2 According to the passage, reading_______ .
A. requires less attention and devotion
B. demands no more than passive participation
C. limits various communications and views
D. means active participation in public and cultural life
3.The underlined phrase "cultural change" in Paragraph 2 refers to the change________.
A. from oral culture to electronic mediaB. from print culture to electronic media
C. from electronic media to oral cultureD. from electronic media to print culture
4. The author of the passage___________________
A. misunderstands oral culture B. doubts the results of the survey
C. encourages the Americans to read more
D. agrees to the solution to the present problem in reading
The discovery of a dwarfed (矮个的) "human being" who lived in Flores, Indonesia, up to 18,000 years ago is changing the way we think about the human family. This "Flores Human" was three foot tall and her brain was smaller than that of the average chimp (黑猩猩), yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives. They seem to have made tools, worked together to find food and cook it, and perhaps even buried their dead with ceremony.
It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the new human family member. The tools are like those formerly seen only with European fossils (化石) from our own species, Homo sapiens (智人), and the oldest of them were made 94,000 years ago. Homo sapiens is thought to have arrived in the island about 40,000 years ago, much too late to be responsible for the tools. If made the tools, then the inside structure (结构) of its brain must have been more like our own than a chimp's, despite being just a third the size of ours.
This "'new human" was suspected to be a dwarfed branch of Homo erectus (直立人). When creatures are separated in regions with rare resources but few enemies, being big is a disadvantage, and evolution tends to shrink them, a process known as island dwarfing. Could natural selection make a human smaller while keeping -- even improving – mental ability? Quite possibly, believes Christopher Wills of the University of California.
Has the "Flores Human" even shown the ability of language? "I find it difficult to imagine that people ，could make tools, use fire, and kill large animals without fairly
advanced communication." Wills says. Did "Flores Human" possess the basic components of human culture -- such as the burying of the dead with ceremony? Emiliano Bruner of the Italian Institute points out that Indonesia's hot, wet environment is bad for fossilization. It is reasonable to assume, he says, that the 18,000-year-old bones of the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved because she was buried with special care.
5 According to the passage, "Flores Human"_____.
A. lived a partly human life B. was a branch of Homo sapiens
C. used tools before Homo sapiens arrived D. had a brain as large as a common chimp's
6. The underlined part "this tiny human" in Paragraph 2 refers to
A. a chimpB. Flores Human C. Homo sapiens D. Homo erectus
7 This passage mainly talks about______.
A. the tools made by "Flores Human"B. the language used by "Flores Human"
C. the evolution of "Flores Human" D. the major surprising findings about "Flores Human" 8 According to the passage, it is believed that "Flores Human"______.
A. was dwarfed by its enemiesB. could use language
C. left a lot of fossils in the hot and wet environment
D. reached Flores 40,000 years ago
篇三：高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题 附答案
阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测
【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。
【常见考法】
1. The underlined word “…”probably means____.
2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____.
3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.
4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”?
5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”?
6. By saying “…”, we mean_____.
7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for?
8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____.
一．通过定义或解释推测语义
有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义
（1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。） 等。
（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。
（4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。 seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的)
（配偶） at a time.（一夫一妻制）
Exercises: 默剧，哑剧_______ 人类学______
门厅_______
（脸颊）. ___胡须______
like people. ____人工智能_______
Test 1 There is no cure（治愈） for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）.
61. What is ARICEPT？（C）
A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s
B. A medicine to delay signs of aging.
C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.
D. A medicine to cure brain damage.
Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces.
（1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D）
A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
二．利用例证猜测语义
某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如for example, for instance, such as, and so on, just as, like, similarity 等连接词或词组。 : Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. ____期刊_______ （几何）
Exercises: （武器） and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. ____投降_______ （酒精）, on the skin. ____杀菌剂_______ such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts. ___装饰物________ Test The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices –minivans，station wagons，coaches，Santana sedans are the big favorite. 56 The words “deluxe sedans”，“minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refers to _______.（C）
A. cars in the makingB. car rental firmsC. cars for rentD. car makers
三．利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义
（1）利用反义关系推测语义
有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。标志词有 although, but, however, whereas（反之）,nevertheless（然而，不过），on the contrary, in contrast（相对）, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead（of）, rather than 等。
（2）利用同义关系推测语义
通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词代替。同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：or, like, similarly等。 eg.1. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism （乐观主义） can help you to （相反）, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. ___悲观主义__
2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly（相同地） 多话的，唠叨的 Exercises:
1. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean,肮脏的__
2. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s 同种的，相似的______ 静态的，稳定的
4. He replied（答复） quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted（后悔） having made such a hasty decision. ___匆忙的，轻率的_____ （美味），we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. ____生的，未加工的___
Test 1 The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we knew that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy.
（1）The underlined word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means_____（C）
A. form B. condition C. pain D. sadness
Test 2 The hot-air balloon took off. It was buoyant in the air as a cork（软木塞） in water.
（2）The word “buoyant” in this sentence most probably means______. (C)
A. able to be used B. able to move from one place to another
C. able to float or rise to the surfaceD. able to carry anything
四．用语境猜测语义
（1）利用“小”上下文推测词义，即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义。如：I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give up easily.坚决的，果断的
（2）利用“大”上下文推测词义，即利用距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇章等来推断。 eg. difference it has made to our lives! It keeps people at home much more. It has made the remote parts of the world more real to us. Photographs show a country, but only zip makes feel that a foreign country is real. Also we can see scenes in the street. Big occasions are zipped, such as the coronation（加冕典礼） in 1953 and the opening of Parliament. Perhaps the sufferers from zip are the notable people, who, as they step out of an airplane, have to face the battery of zip cameras and know that every movement, every gesture will be seen by a “zip personality”. Perhaps we can sympathize when Members of Parliament say that they do not want debates to be zipped Zip meansA. cinema. B. photography. C. television.D. telephone.(C) Exercises: get there and sure that I could get the ticket without any problem.
The underlined word “relieved” in the passage may best be replace by _____. (B. 不确定)
A. surprised B. pleasedC. produced D. sold
2. Apple trees may not grow as tall as twelve meters. They do best in areas that have very cold The underlined word “yielded” in the last sentence means_____. （C）
A. improvedB. increased C. produced D. sold
TestThese days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices. Green building means, “reducing the impact of on the land”, Taryn Holowka of the U.S. Green building council in Washington, D.C. said.
61. In the second paragraph, the underlined phrase “the building” most probably refers to ___.
（A）
A. an ordinary buildingB. an energy-saving building
C. a green-colored building D. a building in Washington, D.C.
五．利用构词法猜测语义
掌握前后缀规律， 如un-, im-, in-, dis-, il-等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词；后缀-ful, -ly, -ism, -ness等可改换词性。而合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下文把握两词之间的关系，猜测词义；而对词义的转化，也要求结合上下文来猜测。 (不贵的)
2. “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes “the two share little about their gs…_____内心的_____ （印象派，印象主义）is a form of art which began in the 1870s. When you look （印象派的）painting, you see little dots of different colored paints. When you move away from the picture, the dots of colors blends and the painting look like it has light playing on the people and objects in the picture. __________
Test Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them? A form of favoritism will replace（代替） equality（公平）.
（3）The word “favoritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon(现象) that__B___.
A. bright children also need certification to get satisfying（令人满意的） jobs
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certification（证书、资格） are favored in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success.（得到成功）
六．因果关系猜测词义
常见的因果信号词有：as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, since, consequently, so that, so/such…that等。
eg. She wanted the hairdresser（发型师）(修剪，剪短)
Exercises: 浑浊的
2. He didn’t hear my knocking at the door because he was c全神贯注的 _推迟______ that he didn’t speak to the pretty girl. ___害羞的_______
七. 利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义
运用逻辑推理能力，结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验及生活常识，再根据上下文推测。 eg. 1. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods and then eat them with their beaks （爪子）for tearing（撕）, seizing（抓住）, pulling or holding objects（物体）.
2. Most of the roses are beginning to （枯萎）because of the cold weather.
Exercises: _避免，避开__ 蜷缩______
3. What could John expect? He had left his wet swimming trunks（游泳裤） in the dark closet（柜子） for over a week. Of course they had begun to mildew. ____发霉______ 鱼鳃______
Test 1 Mark got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night.
（1）The word “pillion” in this sentence probably means __（C）____.
A. an object used for sleeping B. a bay on which on can rest
C. a seat for second person on a motorcycle D. a place for sitting
Test 2 One of Britain’s bravest woman told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected（嫌疑的） police Killer David Bieber and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said she could be in line for a share of up to￡30,000 reward money.
（2）The underlined phrase “be in line for” in paragraph 1 means _（A）___.
A. get B. be paid C. ask for D. own
八．熟词生义猜测
熟词的陌生意义通常有三种情况：
（1）该熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原来考生所熟悉的意义不同的意思；
如：fire vt. 解雇fine vt. 罚款 fall n. 秋天 stand vt. 忍受
（2）考查一些代词的指代现象；
（3）新词在新的语境中变换了词性。
eg.1.The major market force results in（在于） （衣领）employees, who can afford the new service. （白领） modern life?（描绘，想象）
3. Many people work to keep animals from being killed. Some people help animals as part of their job, others do it just because they like animals.
In this paragraph, the word “their” refers to __（A）___.
A. some peopleB. some animals C. many peopleD. many animals
思考：延伸到完形填空
Things were very bad that particular winter. Then a letter came from where her sewing machine was brought, announcing that they would have to pick up her machine the next day unless
payments were brought up to date. I remember that when she read the letter I became frightened. I could __41__ us starving（饥饿） to death and all sorts of things that could come to child’s mind.
41. A. suppose B. picture C. stand D. regret （B）
九．实战训练
As you move around your home, take a good look at the things you have. It is likely that your living room will have a television set and a video, and your kitchen a washing machine and a microwave oven. Your bedroom drawers will be filled with almost three times as many clothes as you need. You almost certainly own a car and possibly a home computer, holiday abroad at least once a year and eat out at least once a week.
Now, perhaps, more than ever before, people are wondering what life is all about, and what it is for. Seeking material success is beginning to trouble large numbers of people around the world. They feel that the long-hours work culture to make more money to buy more things is eating up their lives, leaving them very little time or energy for family or pastimes. Many are turning to Six percent of workers in Britain took the decision to downshift last year. One couple who downshifted is Daniel and Liz. They used to work in central London. He was a newspaper reporter and she used to work for an international bank. They would go to work by train every day from their large house in the suburbs（郊区）, leaving their two children with a nanny（保姆）. Most evenings Daniel wouldn’t get home until eight or nine o’clock, and nearly twice a month he would have to fly to New York for meetings. They both earned a large amount of money but began to feel that life was passing them by.
Nowadays, they run a farm in the mountains of Wales. “I always wanted to have a farm here,” says Daniel, “and we took almost a year to make the decision to downshift. It’s taken some getting used to, but it’s been worth it. We have to think twice now about spending money on car repairs and we no longer have any holidays. However, I think it’s made us stronger as a family, and the children are a lot happier.”
Liz, however, is not quite sure. “I used to enjoy my job, even though it was hard work and long hours. I’m not really a country girl, but I suppose I’m gradually getting used to looking after the animals. One thing I do like, though, is being able to see more of my children. My advice for other at all.”
63．What does the underlined “it” in the last paragraph refer to? (C)
A．Child-caring. B．Liz’s advice.
《阅读理解猜测词义》
由：免费论文网互联网用户整理提供,链接地址：
http://m.csmayi.cn/show/132580.html
转载请保留,谢谢!
- 下一篇：两学一做自我剖析材料