篇一：五角星的数学知识
数学活动“制作一个五角星”教学设计
屈红燕
一、教材分析
（一）教材的地位和作用
本节课有两个内容，即学习画五角星和学习制作五角星，两部分相比较而言，学制作比较难，因为学生长期受应试教育的影响，动手能力比动笔能力明显要差，所以本节内容既是培养学生动手能力和实践能力的一个载体，又是对学生进行爱国主义教育和中国传统文化（剪纸艺术）教育的极好素材，除此之外，它还是今后学习比例线段（黄金分割）、正多边形和圆等知识的基础，其在实际生活中也有广泛的应用。
（二）重点难点
1．重点
学生学会画五角星，会制作五角星。
2．难点
五角星制作的探究过程。
二、目标分析
（一）知识与技能目标
通过本节课的学习，会画一个五角星，会用一张纸制作一个五角星，培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力及动手实践能力。
（二）数学思考目标
通过本节课的学习，让学生通过感知、观察、试验、操作等活动充分感受数学在实际生活中的作用。
（三）情感与态度目标
在学习探讨的过程中体验数学问题的探索性与创造性，通过学生之间的交流与合作，培养学生在独立思考的基础上，能够尊重理解他人的意见，并学会与他人合作的能力。在合作中体验成功的喜悦，树立信心。
三、教学过程
（一）创设情境
1．电脑演示
升国旗仪式，把图案定格在国徽上的五角星。
2．继续演示
闪闪发光的五角星在引导学生感知五角星的和谐、完美的同时向学生渗透数学知识。
首先让学生再次体验升国旗时庄严肃穆的氛围，看到冉冉升起的国旗上，闪闪发光的五角星，心中便升腾起一种美好的希望，同时也激发了学生创造、联想的积极性。
（二）感知体验
1．鼓励学生自己动手画五角星，让学生用各种方法画出形态各异的五角星。
让学生充分发挥自己的想像力。
2．提出问题，对比于演示的五角星，如何画出完美、和谐的五角星？（学生讨论3～5分钟） 激发学生探求新知识的欲望。
3．启发学生
电脑演示（1）：规则的五角星围绕它的中心旋转。
学生发现规则的五角星的五个顶点在以五角星的中心为圆心的圆上。
提出探究问题：五点在同一圆上的五角星是否一定是规则的五角星？
电脑演示（2）：五点在同一圆上的不规则五角星。
学生动手实践得出结论：五点均匀分布。
电脑演示（3）：规则的五角星五个顶点均匀地分布在圆上。
学生讨论：计算出的周角被五等分，每个角。即五等分圆周。
学生虽然不知道其中的数学道理，但可以通过图像演示来感知。
4．师生共同小结画五角星的步骤
（l）任意画一个圆；
（2）以圆心为顶点，连续（即）的角，与圆相交于5点；
（3）连接每隔一点的两个点；
（4）擦去多余的线，就得到五角星。
5．继续启发学生
（l）你能说出这种画法（等分圆周的方法）的道理吗？
（2）类似的，你能画一个六角星、七角星、??、n角星吗？
6．教师归纳
用较简单的几何知识说明。
（三）体验探究
1．小竞赛
学生动手，看谁能以最好的方法和最快的速度将所画的五角星剪下来？
2．师生共同探究
电脑演示（l）：利用画好的五角星直接剪
（竞赛过程中启发学生）
电脑演示（2）：民间艺人以很快的速度用各种彩纸剪出各种栩栩如生且具有对称性的各种图形??
学生动手实践：将五角星对折一次。
在学生感知、体验的过程中渗透几何知识。
电脑演示（3）：演示该过程
启发学生将其余四个角对折，发现五角星被折痕分成十个相同的三角形。
学生动手实践：如何将相同的十个三角形折叠到一起，找出最简捷、最快速的折叠方法。（书本的方法）
电脑演示（4）：五角星带路法。
3．学生归纳出折叠法剪五角星的方法
提示学生：折叠时注意角度，下剪时如何选择角度剪出的五角星才完美、和谐？才更接近于国旗上的五角星？
将五角星画法的原理推广，让学生经历了探究的过程，思维得到创新发展，同时也激发了学生的热情
（四）放飞联想的翅膀
1．小游戏
展开想象的翅膀，将所画的五角星、六角星涂上最漂亮最丰富的色彩，贴在黑板上，将黑板变成一条美丽的星星河??。
2．启发小结
五角星、六角星都是我们日常生活中常见的很简捷很完美的几何图案。
3．举例
天上的星星，折的幸运星，飘飞的雪花，??。
让学生充分体会到数学是美的，是有用的。
四、设计说明
如果在教学中采用教师先画、先折再剪，学生跟着模仿的教学方法，很容易造成教师独断专行，变成教师的表演，那么学生学会的只是“照葫芦画瓢”，别无他获。在实际教学中，我们通过升国旗创设情境（渗透人文教育），借助CAI课件和教师的适时点拨，让学生发现五角星的画法；接着，让学生结合自己的体验和发现，将画五角星的原理进行推广；在学习折叠法剪五角星时，我们也没有像课本那样撇开先画后剪法，而是以先画后剪法得到的五角星为模型，试着将五角星“返璞归真”，返回到剪后还没展开时的状态，让学生在不断地折叠和尝试中探究和感悟，力求恢复当初发明者创造折叠法时的火热思考。
数学活动课到底该怎么上？活动课要不要探究？要不要创新？这节课做出了很好的尝试和回答：在活动中体验──在体验中探究──在探究中创新。在创设问题情境时，不忘对学生进行爱国主义教育；在画五角星时，笔者也没有因为画法的原理超出了学生的已有知识，采用教师先行，学生尾随的作法，而是通过一个动画让学生来体验和感知，最后又通过“如何画n角星？”这样一个富有探究性的问题来内化认知结构；如何教用折纸法制作一个五角星？这个过程又进行了再设计：（多媒体）提示：类比观察、发现返璞归真
实验探究发现、创新。
2005-07-08 原载《初中数学教学新设计新案例》人民教育出版社
篇二：英语期末翻译
中国是风筝的故乡。放风筝有益于身体健康，所以，许多国家十分流行放风筝。中国人不仅把放风筝当作有趣的游戏和有益于身体健康的体育活动，也常常把风筝作为装饰挂在墙上。目前，中国的风筝已经远销到日本以及东南亚和欧美的许多国家，受到了世界各国人民的欢迎。近年来，山东潍坊每年都要举行国际风筝节。
【译文】
China is the birthplace of kites. Because ?ying kites is beneficial to one's health, it is gaining popularity in many countries. The Chinese regard it as an interesting game as well as a sport helping keep fit. Some people also hang kites on the wall for decoration. Chinese kites, which are popular among people all over the world, are now available for sale in Japan, Southeast Asia and many countries in Europe and America. In recent years, the annual International Kite Festival has been held in Weifang of Shandong province.
Test 6
有人说，阅读决定着一个民族思维的深度和广度，对文化传承、国家发展有着重要的意义。已有专家指出，如果仅仅满足于"浅阅读"，对于国家和人民将是灾难性的。这就是为什么在高科技浪潮中，很多网络发达的国家反而更强调传统式阅读。近年来，很多国家都把提倡阅读、提升阅读能力列为教育改革的重点，通过实施这些措施努力唤起"深阅读"。
【译文】
It is stated that reading determines how deeply and widely a nation can think and it has significant implications for cultural inheritance and national development. It has been pointed out by some experts that it would be catastrophic for a country and its citizens if people in this country are merely satisfied with "shallow reading". That is why many countries with well-developed networks have attached greater importance to traditional reading in the high-tech trends. In recent years, lots of countries have made advocating reading and improving reading skills the focus of education reform, in an effort to arouse "deep reading".
Test 9
中国国旗 (Flag of China) 又被称为"五星红旗"。旗面为红色，象征革命。旗面左上方有五颗黄色五角星，黄色较白色明亮美丽，表示中华民族为黄色人种。五颗五角星中一颗相对较大，代表中国共产党（Communist Party of China) 的领导。另外四颗较小，代表中国社会中的四个阶级。四颗小五角星各有一尖正对着大星的中心点，象征共产党领导下的中国人民大团结。
【译文】
Flag of China is also referred to as the "five-star red ?ag". The color is red representing revolution. There are five yellow five-pointed stars on the top left part of the ?ag. Compared with white, yellow is brighter and more beautiful, representing the Chinese nation as yellow race. One star is comparatively larger than the other four, and it symbolizes the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The four smaller stars represent people of four classes in Chinese society. One point of each small star faces the center of the larger star, which represents the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
筷子 (chopsticks) 是一种中国传统餐具 (eating utensil)，由两根同等长度的小细棒组成，用于夹起食物。筷子一般由竹、木、金属或塑料制成。它轻巧灵活，使用方便。早在三千多年前的商代 (the Shang Dynasty)，中国人就开始使用筷子了。筷子是反映中国饮食文化的重要组成部分，可谓是中国文化的代表。作为一种独特的餐具，筷子被西方人誉为"东方的文明"。
【译文】
Composed of a pair of sticks with equal length, chopsticks are traditional Chinese eating utensils used to pick up food. They are commonly made of bamboo, wood, metal or plastic. It is convenient to use chopsticks because they are light and ?exible. Since as early as the Shang Dynasty over 3000 years, Chinese have been using chopsticks. Being an important re?ection of Chinese food culture, they are regarded as a representative of Chinese culture. As a unique eating utensil, chopsticks are hailed as "eastern civilization" by westerners.
Test15
乒乓球 (table tennis)是中国的国球，是一种世界流行的体育项目。20世纪60年代以来，中国选手赢得了世界乒乓球比赛的大部分冠军，因此中国在该项运动中占有统治性的地位。乒乓球的起源有许多不同的说法，最流行、最被广泛认可的一种说法就是乒乓球在1900年起源于英国。在英语中，它也被称为“Ping Pong”，因为在打击时会发出“Ping Pong”的声音。在1988年的奥运会上，它被列为正式的比赛项目。
【译文】
Table tennis, the national ball game of China, is a sport event popular around the world. Since the 1960s, Chinese players have won a great majority of champions in the world table tennis competitions. Thus China plays a dominant role in the event. There are various versions concerning the origin of table tennis, among which the most popular and widest accepted is that it originated in Britain in 1900. Table tennis is also called as “Ping Pong” in English because of the sound of “Ping Pong” in hitting the ball. In the 1988 Olympics, table tennis became a formal Olympic event.
Test 17
大熊猫被称为“中国国宝 (China’s national treasure)”，是中国特有的动物。大熊猫外表黑白相间，体型肥胖，是一种温顺可爱的动物。它们主要生活在中国西南地区，80%以上分布于四川境内。它们习惯居住在温暖潮湿的环境中，喜欢吃竹类。由于生育率低，对生活环境的要求又相当高，它们的数量越来越少。中国政府早已意识到这一问题的严重性，所以做出了很多努力来保护这一濒危物种。
【译文】
Referred to as “China’s national treasure”, panda is an animal unique to China. With a black and white coat as well as a fat body, it is a gentle and lovely animal. Pandas live mainly in the southwest part of China, over 80% of them living in SichuanProvince. They are accustomed to living in warm and wet environment. Bamboo is their favorite food. Because of low birth rate and high requirement for living environment, the number of pandas is declining. Having realized the seriousness of the problem, Chinese government has made a lot of efforts to protect the endangered species.
关于中国美食 (cuisine)的电视节目数不胜数，但像《舌尖上的中国》(A Bite of China)这样受欢迎的不多。这部最新的七集纪录片，从地域、历史以及文化等方面深入探讨了中国人的饮食。中国美食有悠久的历史和富有特色的传统烹饪手法。这一节目试图呈现出更多有关食物的文化元素，如饮食习惯和饮食道德(ethic)。在展现中国饮食文化辉煌成就的同时，也反映出中国的社会变迁。
【译文】
There are numerous TV programs on Chinese cuisine, but few are as popular as A Bite of China. The latest seven-episode documentary offers insights into the geographical, historical and cultural aspects of Chinese diets. Chinese cuisine has a long history and distinctive traditional cooking techniques. The program tries to presentmore cultural elements related to food, such as eating habits and ethics. While it expresses the glory of Chinese food culture, it also re?ects China’s social transformations.
篇三：4级翻译(20篇)
Test 1 自从 1978 年经济改革以来，中国已经完成了从中央计划经济 (centrally planned economy) 向市场经济
(market based economy) 的转变。超过 6 亿人已经脱离了贫困，但是仍然有超过 1.7 亿人生活在 国际贫困线以下 天少于 1.25 美元。2012 年，中国的人均 GDP 为 12405.67 美元，这是 30 年前的 37 倍。到 2018 年，中国的人均 GDP 将从世界第 90 位上升到第 75 位。然而，这仍然是低于预计的 世界平均水平。
【译文】
Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy. More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line. In 2012, China’s GDP (PPP) per capita was $12,405.67. This is 37 times higher than what it was just 30 years ago. By 2018，China’s GDP per capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world. This however will still be below the forecasted world average.
Test 2
《三国演义》（Romance of the Three Kingdoms) 由罗贯中创作于 14 世纪，是一部中国历 史题材小说。小说以汉朝末年和三国时期的历史演变为背景，叙述了在这个动荡时期发生 的一系列重大事件。整个故事情节从公元168 年开始一直到公元 280 年领土统一时结束。小 说篇幅长达 80 万字，分为 120 个章节，共描述了 1， 191 个人物角色，堪称中国古代文学史上的 四大经典小说之一。
【译文】
Romance of the Three Kingdoms，written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese histori cal novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Hart Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era， starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280．It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of ancient Chinese literature，with a grand total of 800，000 words，1，191 characters and 120 chapters．
Test 3
文学是中国文化中最有活力、最灿烂辉煌的一部分。在历史发展的长河里，中国古代文学蕴涵（embody)了中华文化的基本精神，体现了中国人的美学（esthetics) 追求，承载了中华民族的理想信念，表现出自己独特的个性和风采。从远古（primeval times) 神话 (mythology) 到唐诗宋词、明清小说……各种文学形式，髙潮迭起，连绵数千年，涌现出许多古今闻名的文学家（litterateur) 和不朽的文学作品。
【译文】
Literature is the most dynamic and splendid part of Chinese culture．Throughout the long history,Chinese ancient literature has embodied the underlying spirits of Chinese culture，reflected the Chinese people’s pursuit for esthetics and faith for ideal society,and moreover，demonstrated the distinctive Chinese character．For centuries， a succession of diversified literary forms，for instance，mythologies in primeval times，poems and ci in the Tang and Song dynasties，novels in the Ming and Qing dynasties，etc．，has come into being．Many great literaturs are still remembered today and their masterpieces have gained perpetual fame．
Test 4
明十三陵位于北京市西北郊昌平区境内。陵区是一个小盆地，北、东、西三面有许多山，龙、虎两山分别在左右，符合中国古代帝王选择陵墓的风水思想。从 1409 年开始，先后修建了十三座陵寝，所以叫做十三陵。定陵 (Ding Ling) 是万历皇帝朱翊钧和他的两位皇后的陵墓。定陵地宫是目前十三陵中唯一被挖掘的地下宫殿，
未命名-1.indd1 2014/8/19 20:30:56
共出土各类文物 3,000 多件。
【译文】
The tombs of 13 emperors of the Ming Dynasty are scattered in the Changping County in the northwest outskirt of Beijing. They are in a small basin surrounded by hills on the north, east and west sides. The Dragon Hill and the Tiger Hill guard the tombs on the left and right sides, which conform to fengshui that would always influence ancient emperors in choosing their tombs. From 1409 on, 13 tombs were built here, hence the name. Ding Ling is the tomb of Emperor Zhu Yijun and his two empresses, whose reign title is Wanli. Ding Ling is the only one of the thirteen Ming Tombs excavated so far and totally there are more than 3,000 pieces of cultural relics unearthed from the underground palace.
Test 5
中国是风筝的故乡。放风筝有益于身体健康，所以，许多国家十分流行放风筝。中国人不仅把放风筝当作有趣的游戏和有益于身体健康的体育活动，也常常把风筝作为装饰挂在墙上。目前，中国的风筝已经远销到日本以及东南亚和欧美的许多国家，受到了世界各国人民的欢迎。近年来，山东潍坊每年都要举行国际风筝节。
【译文】
China is the birthplace of kites.Because flying kites is beneficial to one’s health, it is gaining popularity in many countries.The Chinese regard it as an interesting game as well as a sport helping keep fit. Some people also hang kites on the wall for decoration.Chinese kites, which are popular among people all over the world, are now available for sale in Japan, Southeast Asia and many countries in Europe and America.In recent years, the annual International Kite Festival has been held in Weifang of Shandong province.
Test 6
有人说，阅读决定着一个民族思维的深度和广度，对文化传承、国家发展有着重要的意义。已有专家指出，如果仅仅满足于“浅阅读”，对于国家和人民将是灾难性的。这就是为什么在高科技浪潮中，很多网络发达的国家反而更强调传统式阅读。近年来，很多国家都把提倡阅读、提升阅读能力列为教育改革的重点，通过实施这些措施努力唤起“深阅读”。
【译文】
It is stated that reading determines how deeply and widely a nation can think and it has significant implications for cultural inheritance and national development.It has been pointed out by some experts that it would be catastrophic for a country and its citizens if people in this country age merely satisfied with“shallow reading”.That is why many countries with well-developed networks have attached greater importance to traditional reading in the high-tech trends. Recent years.10ts of countries have made advocating reading and improving reading skills the focus of education reform,in an effort to arouse“deep reading”.
Test 7
道教 (Taoism) 是中国本土宗教，人们常常把它于《道德经》(Tao Te Ching) 联系起来，据称该著作是在约公元前三、四世纪由老子(Lao Tzu) 所著述的哲学、政治作品。《道德经》的核心内容是“道”，即“方法”或 “道路”——恰当的做事方法和领导方法。道教在整个中国历史上还以许多方式涉入到政治中来。道教强调了人、自然和神三者之间的和谐关系。
【 . 译文】
Taoism is an indigenous Chinese religion often associated with Too Te Ching,a philosophical and political book
未命名-1.indd2
2014/8/19 20:30:56
purportedly written by Lao Tzu around 3rd or 4th centuries B.C.Too Te Ching focuses on Tao as a “way”or “path”— the appropriate way to behave and to lead others.Taoism also engaged with Chinese politics in a variety of ways throughout Chinese history.In Taoism,a harmonious relationship between humanity,nature and the divine is emphasized.
Test 8
微博 (Micro-blog) 的出现让人类的生活变得更加便捷和丰富多彩。人们可以通过微博和大家交流，即时记录自己的心情，获取自己感兴趣的信息等。但微博是一把双刃剑，在给我们带来诸多好处的同时，也会带来一些我们意想不到的弊端。比如长期沉迷于微博会影响正常的生活。因此我们应该用正确的态度看待微博，并合理地使用它，让自己可以从中获益。
【译文】
The emergence of Micro-blog makes people’s life more convenient and colorful.Through Micro-blog，people can communicate with others,make immediate record of their moods as well as have access to information of their interest.However,Micro-blog is a double-edged sword.Besides the benefits it brings to US,it also has some unexpected disadvantages.For example,engrossing yourself in Micro-blog will affect your normal life. Therefore we should take a right attitude towards Micro-blog and use it rationally, so as to benefit from it.
Test 9
中国国旗 (Flag of China) 又被称为“五星红旗”。旗面为红色，象征革命。旗面左上方有五颗黄色五角星，黄色较白色明亮美丽，表示中华民族为黄色人种。五颗五角星中一颗相对较大，代表中国共产党（Communist Party of China) 的领导。另外四颗较小，代表中国社会中的四个阶级。四颗小五角星各有一尖正对着大星的中心点，象征共产党领导下的中国人民大团结。
【译文】
Flag of China is also referred to as the “five-star red flag”. The color is red representing revolution.There are five yellow five-pointed stars on the top left part of the flag. Compared with white, yellow is brighter and more beautiful, representing the Chinese nation as yellow race. One star is comparatively larger than the other four, and it symbolizes the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The four smaller stars represent people of four classes in Chinese society. One point of each small star faces the center of the larger star, which represents the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
Test 10
筷子 (chopsticks) 是一种中国传统餐具 (eating utensil)，由两根同等长度的小细棒组成，用于夹起食物。筷子一般由竹、木、金属或塑料制成。它轻巧灵活，使用方便。早在三千多年前的商代 (the Shang Dynasty)，中国人就开始使用筷子了。筷子是反映中国饮食文化的重要组成部分，可谓是中国文化的代表。作为一种独特的餐具，筷子被西方人誉为“东方的文明”。
【译文】
Composed of a pair of sticks with equal length, chopsticks are traditional Chinese eating utensils used to pick up food. They are commonly made of bamboo, wood, metal or plastic. It is convenient to use chopsticks because they are light and flexible. Since as early as the Shang Dynasty over 3000 years, Chinese has been using chopsticks. Being an important reflection of Chinese food culture, they are regarded as a representative of Chinese culture. As a unique eating utensil, chopsticks are hailed as “eastern civilization” by westerners.
《五角星用英语怎么说》
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