篇一：英语科普：螳螂虾前爪杀伤力巨大
The miniweight boxing title of the animal world belongs to the mantis1 shrimp2, a cigar-sized crustacean3 whose front claws can deliver an explosive 60-mile-per-hour blow akin4 to a bullet leaving the barrel of a gun. Now, a Duke University study of 80 million years of mantis shrimp evolution reveals a key feature of how these fast weapons evolved their dizzying array of shapes -- from spiny5 and barbed spears to hatchets6 and hammers -- while still managing to pack their characteristic punch.
Duke researchers Philip Anderson and Sheila Patek studied nearly 200 mantis shrimp specimens7 representing three dozen species.
Mantis shrimp use a system of biological springs, latches8 and levers to power their fast strikes, enabling them to strike much more swiftly than would be possible with muscle power alone.
The team took careful measurements and calculated each specimen's ability to transmit muscular force and motion to the part of the claw that swings out to smash or spear their prey9 -- a mechanical property known as kinematic transmission.
When the researchers mapped their measurements onto the mantis shrimp family tree, they discovered that certain parts of the claw were more strongly associated with changes in strike mechanics than others -- enabling the other parts to evolve relatively10 independently without compromising the mantis shrimp's award-winning wallop.
"This research sheds new light on how these amazing movements evolved," Anderson said.
It suggests that mantis shrimp claws were able to evolve so many shapes because their mechanical properties are more affected11 by changes in some parts than others -- a pattern the researchers call "mechanical sensitivity."
词汇解析：
1 mantis
n.螳螂
参考例句：
Praying mantis has two powerful claws like sharp knives.螳螂有一对强壮的爪子，它们像锋利的刀。
In her mind,it was a female mantis,devouring her mates.她的意识中，是一只雌螳螂正吞咽她的配偶。
2 shrimp
n.虾，小虾；矮小的人
参考例句：
When the shrimp farm is built it will block the stream.一旦养虾场建起来，将会截断这条河流。
When it comes to seafood,I like shrimp the best.说到海鲜，我最喜欢虾。
3 crustacean
n.甲壳动物；adj.甲壳纲的
参考例句：
Seafood is a valuable lobster crustacean section.名贵海珍品龙虾属甲壳科。
The illustrious Cuvier did not perceive that a barnacle was a crustacean.大名鼎鼎的居维叶也未看出藤壶是一种甲壳动物。
4 akin
adj.同族的，类似的
参考例句：
She painted flowers and birds pictures akin to those of earlier feminine painters.她画一些同早期女画家类似的花鸟画。
Listening to his life story is akin to reading a good adventure novel.听他的人生故事犹如阅读一本精彩的冒险小说。
5 spiny
adj.多刺的，刺状的；n.多刺的东西
参考例句：
This is the Asiatic ornamental shrub with spiny branches and pink blossoms.这就是亚洲的一种观赏灌木，具有多刺的枝和粉红色的花。
Stay away from a spiny cactus.远离多刺仙人掌。
6 hatchets
n.短柄小斧( hatchet的名词复数 )；恶毒攻击；诽谤；休战
参考例句：
Hatchets, knives, bayonets, swords, all brought to be sharpened, were all red with it. 他们带来磨利的战斧、短刀、刺刀、战刀也全都有殷红的血。 来自英汉文学 - 双城记 They smashed all the carved paneling with their axes and hatchets. 圣所中一切雕刻的、们现在用斧子锤子打坏了。 来自互联网
7 specimens
n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人
参考例句：
Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon. 宇航员从月球带回了岩石标本。
The traveler brought back some specimens of the rocks from the mountains. 那位旅行者从山上带回了一些岩石标本。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 latches
n.（门窗的）门闩( latch的名词复数 )；碰锁v.理解( latch的第三人称单数 )；纠缠；用碰锁锁上（门等）；附着（在某物上）
参考例句：
The virus latches onto the red blood cells. 这种病毒附着在红细胞上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
The opposite end latches onto the pathogen. 相对的一端锁在病原体上。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 预防生物武器
9 prey
n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨
参考例句：
Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。
10 relatively
adv.比较...地，相对地
参考例句：
The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
11 affected
adj.不自然的，假装的
参考例句：
She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。 His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
更多英语学习方法：企业英语培训
篇二：37张图生活常用英语词汇
教室
1.public-address speaker 广播 2.map 地图 3.chalkboard 黑板 4.class shedule 课表 5.organ 管风琴 6.globe 地球 7.eraser 黑板擦 8.chalk 粉笔
9.shoe rack 鞋架 10.platform 讲台 11.desk 书桌 12.chair 椅子
13.textbook 教材
水果超市
- water melon 西瓜 - plastic bags 塑料袋 - mandarin orange 橘子- kiwi frui 奇异果 - sugar cane 甘蔗 - peach 桃子 - grapes 葡萄
- honeydew melon 甜瓜 - basket 篮子 - papaya 木瓜 - guava 番石榴- lime 青柠 - lemon 柠檬 - star fruit 杨桃 - seeds 种子
- nectarine 油桃 - scale 秤 - grapefruit 葡萄柚 - plum 李子
- mango 芒果 - taro 芋头
人体
1.head 头 2.eyebrow 眉毛 3.forehead 前额 4.chin 下巴
5.neck 脖子 6.cheest 胸部 7.navel 肚脐 8.thigh 大腿
9. foot 脚 10.buttocks 臀部 11.waist 腰部 12.abdomen 腹部
13.cheek 脸颊 14.mouth 口 15.teeth 牙齿 16.nose 鼻子
17.eye 眼睛 18.eyelash 睫毛 19.hair 头发 20.cerebrum 大脑
21.cerebellum 小脑 22.lung 肺 23.heart 心脏 24.stomach 胃
25.large intestine 大肠 26 samall intestine 小肠 27. kindney 肾
28.liver 肝脏 29.bladder 膀胱
自行车
- helmet 头盔 - spoke 辐条 - lock 锁 - seat 座子 - gears 齿轮- rim 轮辋- chain 链条 - kickstand 支架 - derailleur 变速器- wheels 轮胎 - water bottle holder 水壶架 - headset 车头碗组
- pedal 踏板 - gear shifter 变速杆 - brake 刹车 - handle bar 车把
- reflector 反光灯 - basket 车篮 - shock 避震条
- bike rack 车架
房屋外部
1.doghouse 犬屋 2.lawn mower 割草机 3.satellite dish 碟形卫星信号接受器
4.basketball hoop 篮筐 5.curtain 窗帘 6.garage 车房,车库
7.porch 入口处 8.driveway 车库通向马路的空地 9.mailbox 信箱
10.dormer 屋顶窗 11.skylight 天窗 12.chimney 烟囱
13.French window 落地窗 14.balcony 阳台 15.venetian blind 百叶窗帘
16.shutter 百叶窗 17.bay window 凸窗;窗台 18.lawn 草坪,草地
19.shrubs 灌木 20.sprinkler 自动撒水器
篇三：(北京卷)英语(附参考答案)
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语（北京卷）
第一卷
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分）
21.This is a junior school.You should go to a senior school _____girls of your age. A.for B. about C. from D. to
22.I looked under _____bed and found ______bokkd I lost last week. A.the; aB. the: theC. 不填；theD. the:;不填
23.We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people,most of _____are healthy A. that B.which C. whatD. whom
24.-----How can I apply for an online course?
------Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you. A.seeB.are seeing C. have seenD. will see
25.---Where’s that report?
---I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday. A. if B. whenC. becauseD. befor
26. In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you___ take care of your luggage. A. can B. mayC. mustD. will
27. He has made a lot of films,but ____ good ones. A.anyB. some C. fewD. many
28.---Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?
---Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. A.showB.shows C. to showD. showing
30.The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ___.
A. early B. earlierC. earliestD. the earliest
31.You have failed two tests.You’d better start working harder,____you won’t pass the course. A.andB. soC. butD. or
32.I got caught in the rain and my suit____.
A. has ruined B. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD. had been ruined
33.Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day A. ever since B. even if C. soon afterD. in case
34.When you’ve finished with that book,don’t forget to put it back one the shelf,____? A. do you B. don’t youC. will you D. won’t you
35.----It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.-----Oh,don’t mentiong it.I _____past your house anyway.
A. was coming B. will comeC. had comeD. have come
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A.B.C.D. 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Ban the Band(乐队)
Every year,out school has a dance for all the students.It’s a little funny seeing friends in clean shoes and trousers or colorful __36____,instead of the usual school uniform.
Most of us think the dance is great _37___ ---even the teachers enjoy being there.___38__,two weeks ago someone said that there would be no ___39___ band this year ---onlu CDs.
―I don’t __40__ it!‖Amy cried out during the lunch break.
―Someone said the school couldn’t __41__ a band,and they think it’s too noisy anyway/‖added Daniel.
―Well,I don’t think it’s __42__ enough without a band!‖declared Angela.‖and I’m going to see what can be done.‖
Angela was as good as her __43__.In the afternoon she went to see the school headmaster who agreed to give the __44__ some more thought.And he suggested that one __45__for having a band was to increase the price of each ticket from $5 to $10.Angela had to ___46__ out whether the students would like to do that.
―I need all of you to help me,‖she __47__to our group before school the next day.‖Mr.Berry gave me a list of all the names,and suggested we ask each one their __48__ about the band and the extra cost.‖
1
___49___ the day we asked around as Angela suggested,and wrote down peoples’s feelings about the band and the cost.We were amazed how much __50__ there was for the band and everyone agreed to pay the extra $5.
―I’m surprised,‖smiled Mr.Berry,when we gave him the __51__.‖I realty thought that only a few people __52__ their band and that the cost would be too high.OK.Angela,your next __53__is to find a good band and line them up for the dance. ‖
Angela was all smiles and __54__ the news to Amy and Daniel.‖You’re __55__,‖smiled Daniel to Angela as he thought how close they came to having a less than perfect dance.
36. A. shapesB. dressed C. flowers D. pictures 37. A. funB. workC. effortD. progress 38. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D.Therefore 39. A. new B. live C.foreignD.narching 40. A. mean B.need C. acceptD.believe 41 A. leadB.serveC.afford D.form 42. A. good B. clear C.useful D.easy 43. A. lookB.behavior C.mind D.word 44. A. schedule B.situation C.view D.action 45. A.possibility B.concernC.decision D.chance 46. A. callB.findC.carry D.point
47. A.admintted B.replied C.apolpgized D.announced 48. A.knowledgeB.instruction C.opinion D.information 49. A. OnB. ForC. By D.During 50. A.trust B.money C.support D.care
51. A.results B.noticesC.questions D.examples 52. A.welcomed B.wantedC.defended D.invited 53. A.taskB.business C.exercise D.duty 54. A.showedB.wrote C.broke D.read 55. A.amusing B.interesting C.exciting D.amazing 第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，共40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A. B. C. D.四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
EXERCISE IN EXACTLU 4 MINUTES PER DAY!
$14,615
TIME IS IT.Over 92% of people who own exercise equipment and 88% of people who own health club memberships do not exercise.A 4-minute complete workout is no longer hard to believe fot all the pelple who have bought our excellent Range for 30 days end up buying it,due to the health benefits experienced during that tryout and the ROM performance score that tells the story of health and fitness improvement.At under 20 cents per use the 4-minute Rom exercise is the least expensive full body complete exercist a person can do,How do we know that it is under 20 cents per use?Over 90%of Rom machines go to private homes,but we have a few that are in commercial use for 12 years and they have endured over 80,000 ueses each,without need of repair.The ROM 4-minute workout is for people from 10 to over 100 years old and highly trained athletes as well,The ROM balances blood sugar,and repairs bad backes and shoulders.Too good to be true?Get out free video and see for yourself.The best proof for us is that 97%of rentals become sales.Please visit our website at Pactory Showroom:EOMFAB.823 Main Street,Batom Ronge,LA70893 Fax(800)123-6461Email:sakes@fitness.com 56.What is ROM?
A.A piece of exercise equipment B.A club membership card C.A commercial health clubD.An electric wheelchair 57.How many people bought ROM after trying it out? A.92% B.88% C.97% D.90% 58.One setting point of ROM is that ____
A. it makes full body exercise possible in 4 minutes B. it can kill back and shoulder pains in 10 minutes C.it needs no repair in the first 20years D.it is sold on a 3-month trial basis
59.The advertisement is made believable by ___ A. telling stories B.using figures
2
C.making comparisons D.asking questiongs
B
The Book Of Life
So far,scientists have named about 1.8 million living species(物种),and that’s just a small number of what probably exists on Earth.With so many plants,animal,and other living things covering the planet,it can be tough to figure out what type of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of bird just flew by.
A soon-to-be-started Web site might help.An international term of researchers has announced the creation of Web-based Encyclopedia(百科全书) of Life (EoL).The project aims to list every species on Earth in a single,easy-to-use reference guide.
To get the encyclopedia started,the creators will use information from scientific databases(数据库)that already exist.And eventually,in special sections of the site,non-scientists with specialized knowledge will come to helf.Bird-watchers,for example, will be able to input what birds they’ve seen and where. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it.
As the EoL develops,you might find it useful for school. Projects,The site will feature(以
。。。。。。为特色) special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems in their neighborhoods.Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests,age,and knowledgs.
It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describes and analyze species.The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new fool will speed up that process.
60.The Web based EoL aims to ___ A. fine out what covers the earth B. list all living things on Earth C.work out the number of birds D.save the existing plants
61.One characteristic of the EoL is that ____ A. it is run by school students
B. it focuses on different types of grass
C. it provides different levels of information D.it allows non-scientists to review its data
62. In the last paragraph,‖that process‖means ___ A. analyzing species B. creating a new tool C. collecting data D. describing species
C
3
Lying in the sun on a rock,the cougar(美洲豹)saw Jeb and his son,Tom before they saw it.Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands,making himself look big to the cougar,It worked.The cougar hesitated,ready to attack Jeb,but ready to forget the whole thing,too.
Jeb let go of his kacked,grasped Tom and held him across his body,making a cross.Now the cougar’s enemy looked even bigger,and it rose up,ready to move away,but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.
―Tom,no‖shouted his father.
But Tom brokd and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar.The second Tom broke free,Jeb threw himself on the cougar,just as it jumped from the rock.They hit each other in mid-air and both fell,The cougar was on Jeb in a flash,fotgeiting about Tomm,which was what Jeb wanted.
Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined manstands a chance,even with just his fists.As the cougar’s claws(爪子)got into his left shoulder,Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard.The animal howled（吼叫）and put its head back.Jeb followed up with his other fist.Then out of the corner of his eye.Jeb saw Tom.The boy was running back to help his father.
―Knife,Tom,‖shouted Jeb.
The boy ran to his father’s bag,while Jeb strated shouting as well as hitting,to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom.Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb.The cougar was moving its head in and out,trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms.Tom swung with the knife,into the cougar’s back.It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.
The whole fight had taken about thirty seconds.
63.Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar? A. To get ready to fight B. To frighten it away C. To protect the boy D. To cool down
64.What do we know about cougars? A. They are afraid of noises B. They hesitate before they hit C. They are bigger than we think D. They like to attack running people
65.How didi Jeb try to hold the cougar’s attention? A. By keeping shouting and hitting B. By makding a wall out of his arms C. By throwing himself on the cougar
D. By swinging his fists at the cougar’s eyes 66.Which of the following happened first? A. The cougar jumped from the rock
B. Tom struggled free of his father C. Jeb asked Tom to get the knife D. Jeb held Tom across his body
D
The Best of Friends
The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families.But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents,which is the opppsite of the popularly held image(印象)of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past.‖We were surprised by just how positive today’s young people seen to be about their families,‖said one member of the research team.‖They’re expected to be rebellious(叛逆的) and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds;they want a car and material goods,and they worry about whether school is serving them well.There’s more negotiation(商议) and discussion between parents and children,and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process.They don’t want to rock the boat.‖
So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to theat their children as friends.‖My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,‖says 17-years-old Daniel Lazall.‖I always tell them when L’m going out clubbing.As long as they know what I’m doing,they’re fine with it.‖Susan Crome,who is now 21,agrees.‖Looking back on the last 10 years,there was a lot of what you could call negotiation.For example,as long as I’d done all my homework,I could go out on a Saturday night.But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.‖
Maybe this positive view of family life shoululd not be unexpected.It is possible that the idea of teenages rebellion is not rooted in real facts.A researcher comments,‖Our surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in out social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings.But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled.The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change fromm helping out with the family business to taking it over.‖
67.What is the popular images of teenagers today? A. They worry about school
B. They dislike living with their parents
C. They have to be locked in to avoid troubles D. They quarrel a lot with other family members 68.The study shows that teenagers don’t want to ___
4
A. share family responsibility B. cause trouble in their families C. go boating with their family D. make family decisions
69.Compared with parents of 30 years age,today’s parents___. A. go to clubs more often with their children B. are much stricter with their children C. care less about their children’s life D. give their children moren freedom
70.According to the authour,teenage rebellion____. A. may be a false belief B. is common nowadays C. existed only in the 1960s
D. resulted from changes in families 71.What is the passage mainly about? A. Negotiation in family B. Education in family C. Harmony in family
D. Teenage trouble in family
E Hunting
The days of the hunter are almost over in India.This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill,and partly because some steps have been taken,mainly by banning tiger-shooting,to protect those animals which still survive.
Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter.I disagree with this view.Surely out earliest fordfathers,who at forst possessed no weapons,spent their time digging for roots,and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.
I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinkds people will admie his courage in overpowering dangerous animals.Of course,there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing,and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countrysidel.There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design;these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers,even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat.I can respect reasons like these,but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.
The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives(动机).One of them wrote.
―You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory(领地)。You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day.This is better
than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten,half alive,by other animals,Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing – not if you respect the thing you kill,not if you kill to eich your memories,not if you kill to feed your people.‖
I can understand such beliefs,and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears(矛) and bravely caught them by the tail.But this is very different from many tiger—shoots I have seen,in which modern weapons were used.The so—called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants.Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits. 72.Theere is no more hunting in India now partly because___. A.it is dangerous to hunt there B.hunting is already out of date C.hunters want to protect animals D.there are few animals left to hunt
73.The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly____. A.to make the countryside safe B.to earn people’s admiration C.to gain power and influence D.to improve their health
74.What do we learn about the big-game hunters? A.They hunt old animals B.They mistreat animals C.They hunt for food D.They hunt for money
75.What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen? A.Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face B.Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons C.Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers D.Modern hunters should put their safety first
第二卷（共35分）
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分） 第一节 情景作文（20分）
假设你是李华，要给英国笔友Harry写封信，介绍你班两位同学精选班长的过程。请按下图顺序描述。
注意：1.信的开头已为你写好。 2.词数不少于60.
提示词：竞选班长
monitor election
Dear Harry,
How are things going?
Last Monday.(请将情景作文写在答题卡二第一页指定区域内) Best wishes, Li HUa
5
《爪子英语》
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