篇一：非谓语动词学案
高一英语非谓语动词学案（2012.6.25）
非谓语动词的形式：
非谓语动词的句法功能
一、 分词、不定式做定语 1.基本形式：
The houses
2. 不定式做定语：
1） 不定式为 Vt, 或所修饰的n./pron.是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面应有相
应的介词。但是所修饰的名词为time,place,way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. He had no money and no place to live (in).
I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字)
Get him something to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。
2) 含义不同：
----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I ) ----Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now逻辑主语不是I )
Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent?
I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看) I have a lot of work to do.
3) the first/second/third/…/the last + (n.) + to do sth.
或名词被最高级，no,all, any 等限定的中心词修饰，且不定式与中心词为主动关系。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
He was the best man to do the job.
He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系） She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
4) 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way ,reason, moment, time 等。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sightseeing.
Boiling water 沸腾的水falling leaves 正在下落的叶子 Boiled water烧开过的水（白开水）fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子 Freezing wind 刺骨的寒风 frozen food 冷冻食品
Developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家
4. 分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词= a stick for walking
something to do 不定式= something that I should do a walking stick=a stick for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing sleeping pills=pills for sleeping
Those wishing to join the club should sign here.
The boy rushed into the burning woods to save the animals. The baby recognized his mother’s smiling face. A walking man =a man who is walking. The rising sun=the sun which is rising.
二、不定式、分词作状语的用法： 1.基本形式：
1. 不定式做状语
Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.(目的) He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.(结果) His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. To look at him, you would like him. I am very glad to see you.
I am so sorry to hear about your failure in business.
He was too excited not to say a few words.他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。 He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。 She is too tired to do the job.
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 2.分词作状语：
When offered help, one often says”Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.”(时间) Arriving in Qingdao, I lost my way.（时间）
Be careful while/when crossing the street.（时间）
Living far from the school,Ｉhave to get up early every morning.（原因） Not knowing her address, I might as well telephone her to come over.(原因)
Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. Having smoked too much, one of my friends has suffered from lung cancer.(原因) Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.
Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.(条件) Knowing all this , I still want to see it for myself.(让步) Having tried many times, he still couldn’t succeed.(让步) He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time (伴随)
It hasn’t rained for months, making the crops hard to grow.(结果) It’s burning hot today （程度） It was freezing cold yesterday.(程度) Mary is an amazing beautiful girl.(程度)
Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.
Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone. Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. Given (If we were given) more time, we could do it better.
Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.
The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students. Hearing the news, tears came down.（X）
如果前后主语不是同一个，要在分词状语前加上主语： It being fine, we will go outing tomorrow.
Fingers injured, the worker was sent to hospital.
Juding from his accent, he is from the south. To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.
Considering your health, you’d better have a rest. To make matters worse, it began to rain.
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. He came out of the library, (with) a large book under his arm. The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.
Her glasses broken, she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. There being no bus, we had to walk home.
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. Computers very small, we can use them widely. The lights off, we could not go on with the work.
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.
5.独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是独立主格结构转换为状语从句后，它有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转换为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语一致。
If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. =Time permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. 如果时间允许,我们最好周末去度假。
When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.
=Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个城市更美了。
分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致，也可以是主句的其他成分。Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time.
（Searching短语的逻辑主语是主句中的policemen）
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room.
I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
篇二：非谓语动词学案学生版简洁
非谓语动词学案(学生版)
I.不定式（The Infinitive）
定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，（二）不定式做表语
eg My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Your mistake was not to write that letter. 在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有时态和语态的变化又有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。
Try _________________________________. 尽量下次不要再迟到。He _________________________. 他希望我们永远不要再见到她。二、动词不定式的用法：
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
（一）不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。 e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To lose heart means failure.
完成句子：To see is ________________. 眼见为实。
To wait is better than _____________. 等待比离开好。 注: 1) 不定式作主语时,谓语用________数
2) 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
(1) It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
It?s good/kind/nice/bad/clever/wise//silly/stupid/foolish/ honest (2) It is/was +adj.+for sb.+to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / probable/possible / right / wrong / unnecessary/important (3) It is +a +名词+(for) to do...
?It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one?s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
(4) It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do… ? It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do… 完成句子：
It?s kind__________________________。你帮我是好的
It?学生考试作弊是愚蠢的
It?s an honor____________________________________________. 参加这样重要的会议我们对我们是一件荣誉的事。 对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
It?s good manners__________________. 排队等候是很有礼貌的。It made us very angry _____________________________________ 听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。
十分钟完成这件工作是难的。
从这乘飞机到巴黎用我们两个小时的时间。
完成句子：
Our plan is ____________________for the peasants? children. 我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。 The problem is _____________________. 问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。 （三）不定式作宾语
以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）
想要学习 早打算（ want、 learn 、plan）
快准备 有希望（ prepare 、hope、 wish、expect） 同意否 供选择（agree、offer、choose）
决定了 已答应（decide、be determined、promise） 尽力去 着手做（manage、undertake） 别拒绝 别假装（refuse、pretend） 失败不是属于你（fail） e.g. Tom refused to lend me his pen.We hope to get there before dark.
另外，不定式在某些复合宾语中作宾语时，常常用it代表不定式，而将真实宾语放在补足语之后。如： Do you think it better to translate it in this way? I feel it my duty to serve the people heart and soul. 汉译英：
I feel ____________________________________________________. 我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。 All of us think ____________________________________________. 大家认为学好英语很重要。
你认为不去更好吗 （四）不定式做宾语补足语 如：
He want you to be his assistant. I saw her cross the street. 完成句子：
我想请你帮我做英语练习。 我从来没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。
注:1. 如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，在主动语态中作宾补的不式不可带to，这些动词有三使、两听、五看、一感觉、半帮助。have, make, let, hear, listen to, watch, see, look at, observe, notice; feel, help等。
I felt my blood run cold. What made you think like that?
但如果句子是被动语态，则to不可省略。 He was made to clean the windows as a punishment. Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 完成句子：
Though he often __________________, today he was made________ by his little sister.
尽管他经常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。 He is often heard__________________. 经常有人听到他唱这首歌。
注:2. get,等词也有“让”“叫”的意思，和使役动词意思相近，但它后面的不定式作宾语补足语必须要有to。如： 完成句子：
I’ll get him __________________________. 我将让他再试一次。 注: 3. allow, permit, advise, consider, forbid,等跟doing 作宾语，跟 不定式做宾语。但refuse, agree, hope, demand等不跟复合宾语。 （五）动词不定式做定语
①序数词、形容词最高级或被only, last, next等词修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。 完成句子：
He is always __________________________________________. 他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
The next person _________________________ is Dr. Baker. 下一个出席会议的人是贝克先生。
②还有一些名词经常带不定式作定语。如：attempt, decision, promise, plan, intention, failure, wish, determination, ability, time, way, chance, courage, opportunity等。如：
We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.
注意：不定式为不及物动词或所修饰的名词是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词。 完成句子：
_____________
Some people have no house ___________(住) especially in Beijing. The fox found a box ____________________(站着). Could you lend me a pen _________________(写字) This is the tool _______________________(劳动). Give me a piece of paper _______________(写字). I have nothing ________________________(担心). 如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem. （六）不定式做状语
不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、结果、原因 等。
1、 表目的 例如：To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best He came here in order to see Charlie.
I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him 完成句子：
_______________ the young plants from the sun, Mother put them in the shade.
为了保护幼苗不被太阳晒坏，妈妈把它们放到了阴凉处。 He got up very early this morning __________________________. 今天早上他起身很早以免上学再迟到。
注：1. in order to置于句首或句中 ， so as to只放在句中. In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.
注：2.不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语 e.g. He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly. 判断正误：①To save money, every means has been tried. To save money, he has tried every means. ②To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
注：3 不定式做目的状语放在句末时不用逗号，而Ving做目的状语放在句末时用逗号。
He worked hard to enter key university. He worked hard, entering key university. 2. 表结果
不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型 ① so …as to …
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time? ② such (…) as to …
I?m not such a fool as to believe that. ③ adj./adv. + enough to …
The boy is old enough to go to school. ④ too … to …
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. ⑤ only to find, only to be told 出乎意料之外的结果What I said to make you angry.
注意：too?to通常表示太??而不??，但在下列句子中没有否定的意思。
She is only too glad to stay at home.。
He is too anxious to know the examination results. 完成句子：
The question is too 对我来说，这个问题很难回答。
He said he was clever enough __________________ it by himself. 他说他足够聪明可以独自应付这件事。
Will you be ___ kind _________________ the radio? 请你帮我把收音机调低一点好吗？
He woke up only __________in hospital. 他醒来发现自己在医院里。 The water is ______________. 这水不适合饮用。
3.不定式作形容词的状语， 如：I?m glad to meet you. I?m anxious to know the result. I?m sorry to say that.
完成句子 ：
得知他死亡的消息，他们很惊讶。
成为新中国的青年，我们感到很骄傲。
另外，hard, difficult, easy, fit，comfortable等词也可以接动词不定式。这时候，作句子主语的除了是表示人的词外，还可以是表示物的词。如： 完成句子：
The question is The box is .这个箱子搬起来很沉。 冰太薄不能在上面滑。 She is 和她工作很好。 The pen is 这支笔写字流畅。 The water is _________________________. 这水不适合喝。 注意：后两句中的不定式与句子的主语或宾语之间是动宾关系，此时如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则需要带上适当的介词。
▲与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how连词 whether等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语， 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 例如：He didn?t know what to do next. I haven?t decided whether to go to Japan.
How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today.I’m not sure whether to go to the re.
On hearing the news, he didn?t know whether to laugh or to cry. 完成句子：
. 问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。
注：介词后一般不直接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。完成句子：
Mary gave some advice on 玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。
我不知道该怎么做。 ▲不定式的复合结构
由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。
由for 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用： easy / difficult / hard / probable/possible / right / wrong / unnecessary/important
例如： It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday. It?s tome for us to go to school.
There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome. Can you arrange for a car to take us there?
It?s for you to decide. He put the paper on the desk for you to read. 完成句子：
His idea is 他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。
由of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用： brave, careless, good, honest, kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, wise clever,等。 例如：It?s kind of you to say so. 完成句子：
It?s brave 你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿 ▲不定式的省略
1. 不定式省略to的规则：
前面我们已经谈到，在一些使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补语时，不定式符号to常常省略，下面还有几种情况请大家注意： ①在why引起的一些疑问句中，疑问词直接跟动词原形或not+动词原形。 完成句子：
Why ? 为什么花这么多钱？ Why ? 为什么不再让她试一试？ ②在had better, had best , would rather, would rather?than, cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but 等结构后直接跟动词原形或not +动词原形。 完成句子：
You’
你最好听一听老师的看法。
. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲坐。 , he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 他宁愿挤公共汽车也不愿骑自行车。
Liu Hulan would rather die than 刘胡兰宁死不屈。 ③作介词but，except，等的宾语不定式，前面有实义动词do, to do，不定式符号to省略。
I have nothing to do but lie down and sleep． They did nothing but watch TV last night． 完成句子：
Last evening I did nothing but 昨晚上我除了修理农具外，没有做其它的事情。
Now there was nothing he could do except 现在他只有认输。
如but 之前没有do，其后的不定式则一般要加to。如： 完成句子：
I’m afraid we have no choice but 恐怕我们别无选择，只好乘出租车了。
They desired nothing but④在出现并列的动词不定式时，为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号to可省略。 完成句子：
I really don’t know 我真的不知道该说什么，该干什么。
Can you help me to attend the meeting at 2:00 p.m.? 你能不能帮我打电话给他，叫他下午两点来开会？
⑤当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略to。如：All you do now is (to) complete the form. The only thing to do now is (to) go on.
但如果两个不定式有对比的意思，则不定式符号to不可被省去。To wait is better than to leave. 完成句子：
I came 我是来夸你的，不是来骂你的。
新技术的目的是为了使生活更容易，而不是使生活更艰难。 2. 省略do保留to：
上文中出现了某一动词或动词短语，下文中再遇到此动词的不定式结构时，往往要省略动词不定式，但通常省略动词原形或短语而保留不定式符号to：
注意：1. 若被省略的不定式为to be短语，则通常应保留to be。 如：He is not the man he used to be. 他已不是原来的那个样子了。 2. 有时省略不定式时，同时也可省略to。
如：She may go if she likes (to). 她想去就可以去。
高中阶段还有一些不定式短语可以作状语修饰整个句子，也可以称它们为插入语。如：to tell you the truth，to be frank, to begin with, to be brief, to be exact等。 完成句子：
, I hate him. 说老实话，我恨他。
______________________, I don’t agree with what you said. 坦率地说，我不同意你说的话。 II. V-ing (现在分词/动名词)
动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。 一、V-ing的形式：
V-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的V-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make
注意：
1. V-ing的否定形式是由not 加V-ing构成。如：
_______________________ his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 ________________________ made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 二、V-ing的语法作用
V-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或 形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补 语等。
（一）V-ing（短语）作主语：
_______________ is easier than doing.说比做容易。 注意：在下面两种结构中，V-ing分词也作主语。
①为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如：
It is no use crying over spilt milk.。
It's a waste of time _______________________________. 辩论这事是浪费时间。
②在There is no结构中，通常用V-ing分词。如： There is no joking about such matters. There is no holding back the wheel of history. 2. V-ing（短语）作表语：
①V-ing分词作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么。如： Their job is building houses.
The real question is _____________________________________. 真正的问题是了解人民的需要。
②V-ing分词（使役动词）作表语可以表示主语所具有的特征。 This story is very interesting.
这个问题很令人困惑。 形式令人鼓舞。 3. V -ing作宾语： ①V–ing作动词宾语。如：
The students wasted much time (in) playing computer games We enjoy attending Miss Li\'s class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课。 I suggest _______________________________. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。
高中阶段常见的能接-ing分词作宾语的动词：mind, suggest, enjoy, admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, dislike, escape, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, miss, practise, resist, risk, deny, allow, permit, advise, consider, forbid 等。
②V-ing作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如：
I don?t think it possible living in such a cold place. Do you consider ___________________________? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？
③V-ing作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如： I'm against inviting him to dinner.
He went to London in the hope of__________________________.他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。 注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如： I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. What can prevent us (from) getting married? 动名词前省略介词 in 的常用结构 be careful (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth have difficulty(in) doing sth have trouble (in) doing sth have a problem(in) doing sth have a good time / fun (in) doing sth have a hard time(in) doing sth spend money(time) (in) doing sth waste money(time) (in) doing sth There is no difficulty(in) doing sth There is no need / use(in) doing sth There is no point(in) doing sth
另外，V-ing可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。如： He left ahead of time ____________________________. 他一句话也没说就提前离开了。
__________________________, she had to take care of four children. 除了做饭和缝纫(sew)以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。
高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语，后接-ing分词或名词。如： admit to, contribute to，get down to, lead to ,look forward to, turn to , stick to, point to, see to , be used to , devote oneself to , pay attention to等。
④下列动词既可跟不定式又可跟
Ving的动词，区别如下 （1）.begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。
When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.
After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.
(2).有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：
A．remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义：
Please remember ________(bring)me the book I want next time. I remember ______(see) her (=having seen her) somewhere before. Don't forget ________(write)to me soon.
I never forget ________(visit) (=having visited) them for the first time.
I regret _______(miss) that good film last week.(后悔干……事) I regret not ______(take) (not having taken) your advice.
I regret ______(say) I can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry) B．mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……；mean doing：意味着，就是
I am sorry, I didn't mean _______(hurt)your feelings，
Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just _______(work) in class. C．stop：stop to do停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语；stop doing停止干……，动名词作宾语。
After some time, they stopped _______(work)and had a rest. After walking some time, they stopped ________(have)a rest. D．try：try to do，努力，试图干……事；try doing：试着干……事
He searched everywhere and tried _______(find) his key. He came to the city from the countryside and tried________(find) a job.
The mother is out and the boy had to try _______(cook) for himself.
They tried to succeed and tried ______(do) their experiments again and again.
E．want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，主语与动名词之
间为动宾关系。
The bike requires _________(repair).
These young trees require _____________(look after). The matter needs ________(think)over.(=to be thought over) A Mr. Wang wants _______(see) you. You don't need ________(leave)so early.
F．go on：go on to do继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目
的状语。
go on doing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。 After a smoke，he went on _______(tell)us that interesting story. After writing the composition he went on _______(work)out his maths problems.
G．动词advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，
接复合宾语时用动词不定式。
Doctors advise _________ smoking to benefit one's health. 放弃 The doctor advised him _________ smoking so as to improve his health. 放弃
She doesn't allow (permit) _______ in her room.抽烟 I． be used to doing习惯于be used to do被用来做
I ?m used to __________________. 早晨六点起床 Wood is used _________________. 被用来制作家具 J．can?t help doing情不自禁can?t help to do 不能帮助做 Hearing the news, she _______________.不禁大哭
I couldn?t help ____________________. 打扫教师 4. V-ing分词作补语：
①V-ing分词做see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, 等动词的宾语补语。I saw two dogs fighting fiercely. I saw the child being beaten by his father.
注：V-ing分词作宾语表示正在进行的动作；不定式表示动作的全过程或动作的结束。
I heard someone knocking at the door.. I heard someone knock at the door. Three times.
_______________________________我看到一个男孩正在沙滩玩。 ________________________________________________________
我看到一个男孩穿过了马路上了汽车。
我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。 I noticed a man __________________________________爬入银行拿走了一大包钱。
②V-ing分词做have, get, set 的宾补表示一直进行的动作，不定式表示一个将来的动作。What he said set me thinking deeply. He set the boy to chop wood. I?ll have my son see him off.
The farmers had the tractors working all night long.
_______________________________________别让车一直等着。 ______________________________________我让着去车站接你。 ③做leave, keep, catch, find等动词的宾语补语。如： Don?t leave the boy waiting at the gate in such a cold day.
Last night the shopkeeper caught ____________________________ in the shop. 昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。 ④上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，V-ing分词可看成是主语补语。如：
We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 让我们等了好长时间。 Jill was never heard _______________________________.人们再也没有听到吉丽唱这首歌了。
⑤ understand sb doing 理解（多用否定句）,understand to do 知道，料定（多用肯定句）; send sb. to do 派, send sb. doing使…..突然; I can?t understand him speaking to me like that. I understand him to speak to me like that. I sent the boy to catch the bird.
The sound of the gun sent the birds flying away. 5. V-ing作定语：
①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：
____________ room阅览室___________ pool游泳池 ____________ car 餐车 ____________ car卧车a ____________ car 一辆等待着的车 a ____________ child一个酣睡的孩子 the ____________ news令人振奋的消息a ____________ speech令人乏味的演讲
②V-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如：
When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy.
当她出现的时候，约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。 Who is the comrade __________________________? 站在门边的同志是谁？
注：不定式作定语表示将来的动作；现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作，过去分词作定语表示完成和被动的动作。 The meeting to be held soon is very important. The meeting being held now is very important. The meeting held yesterday soon is very important.
6. V-ing分词做状语：时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随
①V-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如：
Hearing the news, he couldn?t help thinking the days in the college.
篇三：非谓语动词导学案
非谓语动词导学案
教学目标：掌握各种非谓语形式，了解他们的基本用法 熟悉一些常用词的基本用法 了解有关非谓语形式的一些惯用法 教学方法：运用图表教学法 运用好例题 重点难点：非谓语各种形式的基本用法
现在分词的完成式‘被动式与过去分词的区别不定式的进行式‘完成式和被动式的用法独立主格结构的用法
考点一 不定式、分词作状语
【例句观察】
(1)Standing on the tower, the whole city could be seen. (×前后主语不一致) (2)Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (√前后主语一致) (3)We found the room too small to hold so many people.
(4)He made a long speech only to show his ignorance of the subject. (5)Being watched by the audience, the young speaker felt very nervous. (6)Encouraged by these successes, they decided to expand the business. (7)When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.
(8)Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. (9)Having been criticized many times by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. 【结论1】
①only＋ to do ________________________________________ ②doing sth.___________________________________________ ③being ＋p.p._________________________________________ ④done________________________________________________ ⑤having done_________________________________________ ⑥having been done __________________________________ 【翻译句子】
(10) He worked deep into the night, _______________________他为总统准备演说，工作到深夜。
(11) I got up very early this morning _______________________
我今天早上起床很早给我的家人准备早餐。
【结论2】不定式“to do sth. ”作目的和结果状语时总是在谓语动词后发生，而分词一般式 “doing sth.”作状语时总是与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生。 【翻译句子】
(12) She is so kind as to help me. ＝ ___________________________________________ (13) She is such a kind girl as to help me. ＝_____________________________________ 【结论3】so ＋ adj. / adv.＋ as to do或such＋(a / an)＋adj. ＋ n. ＋ as to do, 可以转化为so …that 或such… that 引导的结果状语从句。 【疑难1】
too…to do表示肯定的情况 I'm only too pleased to help you.One is never too old to learn.
【疑难剖析1】①当only too和 all too与动词不定式连用时，表示肯定意义。 ②too ready (anxious，eager, glad, willing)＋to do，其后的动词不定式具有肯定意义。 ③never (not)＋too…to…句型为“不会太……所以能……”之意。 【疑难2】
Seating himself / Seated / Sitting in the room, he is absorbed in reading. Have you noticed the student losing himself / lost in thought?
【疑难剖析2】devote，absorb，lose，seat，dress，hide等动词作状语和定语时可以用它们的－ed形式(devoted, absorbed，lost，seated，dressed，hidden)或－ing＋oneself形式(devoting / absorbing / losing / seating / dressing / hiding oneself)。 【疑难3】
Generally speaking，the more expensive the camera, the better its quality .
【疑难剖析3】有些to do 短语，doing短语和done 短语已经当作插入语使用，此时，句子的主语在逻辑上与它们不存在主动或被动关系：
① to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest / frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，not to mention…(更不用说)
② Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说)，considering…(鉴于 / 考虑到……)，judging by / from…(从……来看，依据……来判断)，
supposing that…(假定……)，providing that… (假定……)，according to…(依据……)，including…(包括……)，owing to…(由于……)，talking / speaking of…(谈及……) ③given…(考虑到……), provided that…(如果……) 【疑难4】
It being Sunday, we needn't go to school. → Because it is Sunday, we needn't go to school.All the work done, you can have a rest. → If all the work is done, you can have a rest. 【疑难剖析4】独立主格结构：n. / pron. ＋doing / done / to do / adv. / adj. / prep. 短语 前后主语不一致时，分词作状语需有自己的逻辑主语，且分词与逻辑主语之间存在着逻辑上的主动或被动关系，此时，视为独立主格结构。若把独立主格结构还原为状语从句，则主句的主语与从句的主语是不同的。
考点二 不定式、动名词和分词作定语
【完成例句】
(1)我遗憾地告诉你还有东西没解决。
(2)被工厂污染的水是罪魁祸首。
【结论1】单个非谓语动词作定语一般在名词前，但修饰不定代词时在代词后；非谓语动词短语作定语一般要跟在名词后。 【例句观察】
(3)The meeting _________________tomorrow is important. 明天要开的会很重要。
(4)The meeting ___________________is important. 现在正在开的这个会很重要。
(5)The meeting _________________ was important. 昨天开的那个会议很重要。
【结论2】不定式、动名词和分词作定语的区别如下：
【完成例句】
(6)我没有登山鞋。
I have no ___________ shoes. (7)那个睡觉的男孩是他弟弟。
The _____________ boy was his brother.
【结论3】动名词作定语只放在名词前，说明该名词的性能或用途，不表动作，被修饰的名词与动名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系，反之则是现在分词作定语。 【完成例句】 (8)地上有很多落叶。
There are a lot of ______________ on the ground.
【结论4】一些形容词化的过去分词表示已完成的动作或所处的状态，意为“已经……的”。 a fallen leaf落叶(已经落在地上) a falling leaf 飘零的落叶(尚在空中) a developed country发达国家a developing country 发展中国家 a risen sun升起的太阳a rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 a returned student归国学生 a retired worker退休工人
an advanced worker先进工作者 boiled water开水 (boiling water 沸水) a bent branch弯曲的树枝determined opposition强烈的反对
a devoted soldier忠诚的士兵a well－informed professor见多识广的教授 【疑难1】
The teacher is satisfied with our satisfying performance in class, which can be seen from her satisfied expression on her face.
【疑难剖析1】表示心理状态的－ing形式，表示“令人……的”； －ed形式，表示“(人)感到……”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词 【疑难2】
①The man who came this morning is our legal adviser. (√) The man coming this morning is our legal adviser. (× ) ②Is there anyone who can answer this question? (√) Is there anyone answering this question? (× )
③Those who have finished their work can go home now. (√) Those having finished their work can go home now. (×) 【疑难剖析2】
不宜用现在分词短语作定语的情况： ①不能用doing表达过去动作(见①)；
②用answering表达can answer的意思是错的(见②)； ③完成式不能作定语(见③)
考点三 不定式、分词作补语
【完成例句】
(1)我爸爸允许我周末上网。
My father _______________________ at the weekend.
【结论1】like, hate, encourage, wish, warn, tell, want, desire, expect, get, permit, order, allow, invite, force, ask, cause, advise, request, prefer, beg, persuade, teach, lead等动词＋宾语＋to do sth. ，宾语与to do 为主动关系。 【完成例句】
(2)他看见老人过马路。
He saw the old man __________ the road. → The old man was seen ____________ the road. (3)小孩子最后被看见在河边玩。
The children were last seen ____________________________ (4)老师经常叫我们背课文。
The teacher often gets us ____________________________ (5)我想新年前把车修好。
I'd like to get ____________________ before the New Year.
(6)令我们惊讶的是他被送往国外工作了。
To our surprise, he was sent _____________________ (7)他们工作的时候把灯亮着。
They had the lights ____________________________ (8)我在英语晚会上听见有个小女孩正在唱英文歌
I heard an English song _____________________ by a little girl at the English evening.
用于let, make, have以及感官动词后)
to do sth. (主动) / to be done(被动)
动词＋宾语＋宾补 doing sth. (主动，正在进行或持续进行)
done (被动，状态或完成) being done(被动，正在进行)
注意
make, get, have, leave, keep, let, catch 后宾补的用法 (1) He made his workers work twelve hours a day.
He tried his best to make himself understood. make +
(2) He got me to post the letter for him.
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow. get +
(3) He had me post the letter for him.
I won’t have you speaking to your father like that. He had his car sold last week.
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
have +
注意 ： I have something urgent to inform you. (4) It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.
We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. leave +
(5) Keep the engine running.
You should keep me informed of his whereabouts. keep +
(6) She didn’t let her anger show. let + ________________________ (7) I caught John reading my private letters. catch + _______________________________
考点四：不定式、分词作宾语
【例句观察】
(1) Do you mind my / me reading your paper? (2)She doesn't like Mary / Mary's talking that way.
【结论1】动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语。此时，带逻辑主语既可以是_____________和______________，也可以是人称代词宾格和名词的普通格。 【例句观察】
(3) I regret not having taken her advice. (not须放在having前) (4) They couldn't stand being treated like that.
(5) He decided to help me but I pretended to have finished my job.
【结论2】作宾语的动名词和不定式除了一般式和主动式，还有___________ 和___________完成式表示该动作比谓语动词动作先发生。 【例句观察】
(6) You would be well advised to stay indoors. (7) The teacher advised taking a different approach.
【结论3】advise / allow / permit / forbid+____________/______________ 【完成例句】
(8)路被落叶覆盖住了，它们需要被清理。
The road is covered with some fallen trees and they ____________________________ 【结论4】need, require, want, deserve ＋doing / to be done表示被动意义 【翻译句子】
(9)________________________________________________________________________ 昨天我忘记给他买笔，而是直接回家了。
(10)_________________________________________________________________________ 非常感谢你提醒我，否则我就会忘记去寄信的。
【结论5】有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语有差别：
forget to do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing … 忘记做了某事remember to do…记住要做某事remember doing …记着做了某事mean to do … 有意要做某事 mean doing … 意味着做了某事regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事try to do … 尽力去做某事 try doing 试着做某事
learn to do … 学着去做某事
learn doing … 学会做某事
stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）
stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）go on doing … 继续做某事used to do … 过去做某事 be used to doing … 习惯做某事
【注意】不定式和动名词作宾语时还有一些固定句型：There is no use (good / point / sense / harm)＋doing sth. 做某事没用(不好 / 没意义 / 没害处)
have difficulty / trouble / problem / a hard time / a good time / fun ＋ (in)＋doing spend / waste / lose time (in) doing sth.
There is no need to do sth. 考点五、不定式、动名词做主语和表语
【例句观察】
(1)Smoking is prohibited here.
(2)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
【结论1】动名词作主语通常表示________， 而不定式作主语表示____________。 【例句观察】
(3) Working in these conditions is not easy.
(4) Having studied computer is an important qualification for the job. (5) Their not being served by the waiter added to their anger.
【结论2】动名词和不定式作主语除了一般式和主动式，还有________和__________。完成式表示该动作比谓语动词动作先发生 【例句观察】
(6)His coming here will be a great help. (不可用He和Him) (7)Jack's suddenly disappearing made them worried. (不可用Jack)
【结论3】当动名词带逻辑主语时，只可在其前加上__________或__________，不可以用人称代词主格和宾格，也不可以用名词的普通格。 【翻译句子】
(8)我觉得他一个人是不可能做那份工作的。
_________________________________________________________________________ (9)他那样做是理智的。
________________________________________________________________________ 【结论4】It's ＋adj. / n. for / of sb. to do sth.
在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, wicked, wrong等后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语，否则用for。 【例句观察】 (10)哭是没有用的
__________________________________________________________________________ 【结论5】It is ＋ no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time)＋ doing sth. 【完成例句】
(11)What I would suggest is to start work at once. (12)His hobby is collecting stamps.
【结论6】不定式作表语一般表示_____________，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示____________。 【完成例句】
(13)旅行很有趣但有些累。
Travelling is________________________________________. (14)学生被迫学得太多会混乱的。
【结论7】表心理状态的interesting, exciting, delighting, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等形容词化分词作表语时，表示“令人……的”；interested, excited, delighted, disappointed, encouraged, pleased, puzzled, worried, surprised等表示“感到……”。
考点六、with复合结构
【完成例句】
(1)小孩跟着他，他不得不回到公园。
(2)工作完成了，他可以回家了。
(3)这么多书要看，我不能外出。
(4)天气这么热，他们入室休息了。
______________________________,they went in to have a rest. (5)随着彩电价格降了50%，公司处境艰难。
(6)他妻子走下楼梯，手里拿着一本书。
His wife came down the stairs,_______________________ (7)升国旗的时候学生们站成一线。
The students stood in line__________________________________.
【结论】with复合结构是独立主格结构的一种，常在句中充当状语和定语，是英语中的一种常见结构。它由“with＋宾语＋补语”组成，其中，宾语和宾补之间必须有逻辑一致关系。
《非谓语动词,学案》
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