篇一：英语句子成分讲解
句子结构成份讲解及练习题
主语：就是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。如：我看书。谁看书？“我”。“我”就是这句子的主语。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。（如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句）主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing.（代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。如上句中主语“我”干什么？“看书”。“看书”就是谓语。 一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大部分（祈使句是省主句）。再细分又可分成谓语（动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语，状语，同位语等。 如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语（看）和宾语（书）。 谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词，不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。 句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English.He is asleep.
宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用宾格。如：还说上例。谓语动词是“看”，看什么？看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。 需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
表语：是和系动词紧密相连的。在陈述句中系动词后面的就是表语，这就是“主系表”结构。作表语的也是名词性的词，也可以是从句。表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,
remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...
It sounds a good idea. It sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open.Now I feel tired.
定语：修饰限定名词、代词的词，说明所修饰词的性质、特征等，如 a tall boy 中，tall修饰boy,tall是boy的定语。可作定语的有形容词、名词、副词、定语从句、分词等。不定代词的定语一律后置。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world.（数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
状语：修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句，说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等。如：他在灯下看书。“在灯下”是状语。
补语：补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语，补充宾语叫宾语补足语。如：他把我逗笑了。He made me laugh.主语：he;谓语：made;宾语：me;宾补：laugh.补语和它补充说明的成份之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，这可以把它和其它成份区分开。如：上句宾语me和宾补laugh之间，laugh的动作是me来做的。这就是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。把这两部分单拿出来可以成一句完整的话，即I laughed, 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor.（名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
语法是句子的框架，学语法应该说是学习语言的一个捷径。相对而言，句子的灵魂是词汇，学习是个长期积累过程，词汇积累更是如此。学习也要讲究方法，活学活用，在运用中记忆，不能死记硬背。另外，语言都有些相通的地方，结合母语对照学习也很有效。
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
简单句的五个基本句型
主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.
主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语She likes English.
主语 ＋ 系动词＋主语补语She is happy．
主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语She gave John a book．
She bought a book for me.
主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）
Exercises
分析下列句子成分
1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her，child ．8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12.All the students think highly of his teaching.
13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know． 18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
翻 译 练 习：
主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1你应当努力学习。 2她昨天回家很晚。
3那天早上我们谈了很多。 4会议将持续两个小时。
5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 ）
1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。
5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。
主系表结构 （主语 ＋系动词＋表语 ）
1我的兄弟都是大学生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚长。
3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
5孩子们，请保持安静。
双宾语结构 （主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ）
1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5. 他把车票给列车员看。
复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ）
1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John.
3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。
5他们把小偷释放了。
There be 句型
1今晚没有会。 2这个村子过去只有一口井。
3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5天气预报说下午有大风。
句子成分练习题答案
分析下列句子成分
1. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 2. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
3. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 4. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
5. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 6. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语
7. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 8. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
9. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 10. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 12 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语
13. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 14. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
15. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 16. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
17. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
19. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词20. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
21. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 22. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
23. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 24. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
25. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 26. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 28. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
29. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 30. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
翻 译 练 习：
主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1You should study hard.
2 She went home very late yesterday evening.
3That morning we talked a great deal.
4The meeting will last two hours.
5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.
7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
8Classes begin at eight every day.
9This box weighs five kilos.
10 I lived in Beijing five years ago.
主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ）
1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.He has read this book many times.
4.They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.
8.Jim cannot dress himself.
篇二：英语句子成分练习题及答案
Unit 4 problems and advice
一、 典型例题： 写出句子成分。
1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.
3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much.
5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.
7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom.
10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to school early.
二、 课后练习
(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother doesn't do his homework.② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words do you learn ?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
(二) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man is feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all become interested in the subject.⑤ She is the first to learn about it.
(三) 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. ④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to slee
（四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asks her to take the boy out of school. ③ She find it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
(五) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There is a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven④ The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
(六) 划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语（）
① Please tell us a story. ② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤ Does he leave any message for me?
划分句子成分练习题
一、画出下列句子的成分
1.They are working on the farm now. 2.Seeing is believing
3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much4.She became a doctor in 1998
5.The book lying on the floor are mine 6.Suddenly it begins to rain
7.To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday 8.I always find her happy
9.He wonders If I still study English
10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend ofmine
11.We always work hard at English. 12.He said he didn't come.
13.They love each other. 14.What did you bye?
15.She watched her daughter playing the piano. 16.your job today is to help the old.
17.Speaking doesn't mean doing. 18.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.
19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.
20.It takes me an hour to get there. 21.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
22.There is an old man coming here. 23.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
24.To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
二、选出下列句子中的谓语中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. Summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book
三、挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. ⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
四、 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
五、挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. ② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. ④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. ⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
六、 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 (6分，6分钟)
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
七、挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
八、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story. ② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. ④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
答案3(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do (二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C ⑨
A ⑩ A (三) ① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D ⑨ A ⑩ D (四) ①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B (五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B ⑥ D (六) ① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D ⑥ B (七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A ⑥ D ⑦
C ⑧ D (八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
答案2：
1They(主语） are working（系表结构做谓语） on the farm（地点状语） now（时间状语）. 2.Seeing（动词ing做主语）is（谓语） believing （宾语）
3.All of us（主语） like （谓语）Kobe Bryant （宾语）very much （程度副词状语） 4.She（主语） became（谓语） a doctor （宾语）in 1998 （时间状语） 5.The book（主语） lying on the floor（补语） are（谓语） mine （宾语） 6.Suddenly （状语）it（形式主语） began to rain （谓语）
7.To catch the train ,（目的状语）（I主语） got up （谓语）early yesterday （时间状语） 8.I（主语） always find（谓语） her （宾语）happy （状语）
9.He （主语）wonders （谓语）if I （条件句中的主语）still study（条件句中的谓语） English （条件句中的宾语）整个条件句做主干的宾语
10.The letter（主语） which I received the day before yesterday（定语从句） was（谓语） a friend of mine （宾
语） 1.Wealways work hard at English。 —————— —— —————— 主语 状语谓语 状语 状语
2.Hesaid he didn't come. —————— ————————— 主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语 3.They love each other.
—— —— —————— 主 谓语 宾语
4.Whatdid youbye?—————— —— 宾助动词主谓
5.She watchedher daughter playing the piano.—————— —————— ————————
— 主谓宾 宾语补足语 6.your job todayis to help the old.———— ——- —— ————————主 定语 系动词 表语 7.Speaking doesn't mean doing.———— —————— ——主 谓宾
8.Bye the time I got to the station,the trainhad left.
———————————————— ————— ————时间状语从句 主句主语主句谓
语 9.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of
—————— ——— —————— ——— —————————————主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语状语 their marriage.
————————
10.It takesme an hour to get there.
—— ——— ————— —————— 形式主语谓语宾语真正主语
典型例题答案
一.写出划线部分的句子成分。1. 主，谓，宾，状 2. 定，状3. 表
4. 谓，宾，状5. 定，定6. 谓，状7. 谓，宾，状 8. 谓，状9. 表
10. 表11. 定，表
12. 状，状
课后练习
(三) ① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B (四) ①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B (五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B (六) ① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D
(七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A (八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
一、 考点、热点回顾
【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：
（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）
（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）
（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）
（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）
（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）
（二）谓语：说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：
（1）His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）
（2）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）
（3）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）
（4）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）
（三）宾语 ：宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 如：
（1）She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）
（2）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）
（3）We often help him.（代词作宾语）
（4）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）
（5）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）
说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：
（1）give, show（给??看），bring, pass, buy等。Eg：Our teacher tells us a story. ；The sun gives us light.
间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。 间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语加“for”的有： make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等
（1）I give him a book. 改成：
（2）He passes me the book. 改成：（3）He writes me a letter. 改成：
（4）He will buy me some books. 改成：
（5）She is making me a cake. 改成：
（四）宾语补足语
在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。如：
（1）They make her happy.（形容词） （2）I see her dance.（不定式）
（3）We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.（名词）（4）Please let him in.（副词）
（5）We heard her singing a song.（分词短语）
（五）表语：表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。如：
（1）I am a teacher.（名词）（2）He is always happy.（形容词）（3）They are on the playground now.（介词短语）
（4）It gets cold.（形容词） （5）Be动词（am，is，are, was, were）
（6）系动词 表保持（keep, stay, remain）（7）表改变（get， become， turn） （8）感官动词（feel，sound（听起来），
篇三：英语语法——英语句子成分分析
英语语法——英语句子成分分析
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如：
Students study. (学生学习。)
We are friends.(我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。
2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如：
Students study. (学生学习。)
We are friends. (我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。
3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：
They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。)
I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)
这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。
4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如：
This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)
He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。）
这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词，它们作定语。
５）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：
The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。)
I often write to him. (我常给他写信。)
The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。)
这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。
６）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。)
通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语
放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下：
（定语） 主语 （状语） 谓语 （定语） 宾语 （状语）
如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
(The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday.
请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分
1）I have two elder sisters. （我有两个姐姐。）
2) They don't swim very well.（他们游泳不太好。）
3) Do you go to school every day? （你每天去上学吗？）
4) I really want a cup of tea.（我真的想要一杯茶。）
5) Miss Smith teaches English very well.（史密斯先生教英语非常好。）
语法其实并没有一些人想象的那么可怕，其实里面有很多趣味。
第一讲 英语句子成分
WARM-UP：1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there. 以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。
英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语（核心：主动词）
英语句子成分歌
英语句子八呀八大块， 主谓宾表真呀真实在；
补语跟着宾语表语跑， 定语同位（语）专把名词踹。
状语的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左随心所欲摆。
浑身的毛病真呀真不少，前后乱窜它还会加塞。（RAP）
I．八大成分的概念和构成
1．主语(名词代词形)：句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。
If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain. 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。
The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.
成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。
充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式8）介词短语（少见）
形式主语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）
2．谓语：表示主语的行为或进行的活动。
I have a dream.
You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want. 所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。
谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）
3．宾语：行为或活动的对象，接受者或受影响者。
You don’t find opportunities…you make them.
你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。
You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.
如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。
充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式
形式宾语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）
4．表语：说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后)
Time is money.
Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.
你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。
构成形式：1）名词2）形容词3）代词4）数词5）不定式6）ing形式7）过去分词8）副词9）介词短语10）小品词11）名词从句
5．补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定）
构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）形容词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词小品词10）名词从句
主语补语
Tom was made monitor.
宾语补语
I made Tom monitor.
表语补语
I am sure to succeed.
6.定语：对名词性形式进行范围限定。
7.This is beautiful music.
There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.
自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。
构成形式：1）限定词2）形容词3）名词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词10）关系从句
8.同位语：对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。
Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.
构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）名词从句
9.状语：修饰词，短语，从句和整句。位置：自由自在。
1）修饰性状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词等（时间，地点，肯定，否定，程度，频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比较等）。
Can you feel the love tonight?
Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.
只有出走又回家时，家才最感亲切。
2）连接性状语：连接上下文（顺序，递进，转折，让步，结果，推论，比较）。 First comes spring, then summer.
I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it.
3)评述性状语：修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法或态度。
Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.
II．成分关系
1．补语跟着宾语表语跑：
补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态，则宾补就变成了主补。
To love others makes us happy…to love ourselves makes us lonely.（宾补）
We are made happy to love others…we are made lonely to love ourselves.（主补）
爱他人使我们幸福，在自己使我们孤单。
2．定语，同位（语）专把名词踹：
定语，同位语修饰名词性形式
Experience is the best teacher.（被定语所修饰的形式为名词）
They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.（同位语所修饰的形式为名词）
3．谓语动词由状语修饰
When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either.
你想摘下天上的星星，可能一个也摘不下；但也不会一无所获。
1、主语：
(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地
与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)
(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)
(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)
(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried,doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)
(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)
(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿？) / Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗？)
(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)
(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。
2、谓语：
(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如：
He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /
(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成：［情态动词］+［时态助动词］+［语态助动词］+［主要动词］(不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表) 记住：谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如：
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading
《英语句子成分ppt》
由：免费论文网互联网用户整理提供,链接地址：
http://m.csmayi.cn/show/187934.html
转载请保留,谢谢!
- 上一篇：心内科护士自我总结
- 下一篇：微信朋友圈点赞方案