篇一：怎样写英文摘要summary
英语summary writing
摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。 第一步：阅读
A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。
C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步：动手写作
A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。
C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：
1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。
2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：
“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”
“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”
6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：
“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”
可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”
7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：
“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”
可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”
8） 使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。
9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：
Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful? like eating cardboard or sand? just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the
real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”
可以用第三人称概括为：
Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.
第三步：修改成文
草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。
经过上述步骤和方法，一篇摘要就可以完成了。
附：
摘要写作（summary writing）是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括；既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。下面谈谈怎么写好英文摘要。
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读全篇作品，然后对作品进行整体分析，掌握原文总的意思和结构，明确全文的主题（the maintheme）和各段的段落大意（the main idea）。
2）弄清要求。搞清楚是写全文概要，还是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）草拟写作提纲并写出初稿。将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲，以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿。在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）摘要应包括原文中的主要事实（main facts）；略去不必要的细节（unnecessary details）。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例。摘要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。要用适当的转折词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。
（4）尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用原文的某些词句。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：
1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。
2) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
3) 删除具体例子。不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30个词，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。注：原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
4) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：
“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time andNewsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.”
可以概括为：“She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.”
5) 把文章的对话或直接引语(的要点)改成间接引语叙述。
6) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
7) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：
“His courage in battle might withoutexaggeration be called lion-like.”
可以概括为： “He was very brave in battle.”
“He was hard up for money and was beingpressed by his
creditor.”
可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”
8) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
Ⅲ.Task2: find out how to summarizethe whole passage ① 段意合并法 (说明文、应用文)
第一步, 通读全文, 领略大意;
第二步,小结每一段的大意;
第三步, 根据每一段的大意以及作者的侧重点, 综合归纳全文的大意.
对于说明性或描述性短文，可以用概括性文字说明某一现象。
比如，可以概括如下 “This article points out the common
phenomenon…”
② 要素串联法（记叙文）
记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where, when,what, who, how, 给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意。
③ 主题概括法（议论文）
第一、找出关键词和全文或段落的主题句。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地说，主题词通常是名词、动词或形容词。
第二、根据原文的词句(一般指关键词和全文或段落的主题句),进行改写: 或用相应的同义词，或进行句型转换(如主动句改为被动句等等). 千万不要原封不动地抄写原文的词句.
第三、用连词连接各部分，使它连贯；
第四、整合中心要点，使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语合并、简化句子，使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数(30个词左右)。
议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。
尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。可以采用如下方法概括：The writer of this article thinks that… 或者你认为本材料的观点代表了一些人的思想，就可以说Some people think… 还可以从中立的角度或用“无人称”的方式来说The article gives the view that…
Ⅳ.积累模板Some SummaryModels for You
要注意归纳和积累summary中常用的句式或模板。
A.如议论文的概要通常可以如此开头：
The essay/passage/author highlights the importance of
encouragement for students.
The essay/passage/author argues in support of …, stating that …
篇二：英语新闻阅读
Chinese legend Yao Ming nominated for
NBA Hall of Fame
中国传奇人物姚明的NBA名人堂提名
Former Houston Rockets center Yao Ming has been nominated【提名；任命】for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, in a move that could make him the first Chinese player to receive the honor.（前休斯顿火箭队中锋姚明已经被提名为奈史密斯篮球名人堂,此举可能让他第一个中国选手获得的荣誉）
The Rockets, with which Yao spent nine years from 2002 to 2011, filed the nomination after The Hall of Fame recently reduced the eligibility【合格；适任】 requirement from five seasons after retirement to four, according to FOX 26 Sports.
The rule change opens door to Yao, as well as other NBA legends, notably Shaquille O'Neal and Allen Iverson, all of whom could be inducted in 2016.
Yao said he was "pretty excited and nervous" about the nomination in a telephone interview with the sports media outlet.
Since drafted by the Rockets in 2002, the 7'6" man went on to become the best
recognized Chinese face in the league as an eight-time All Star.
After injuries hurt his form, the veteran【老兵；老手】was forced to call an end to his sporting career in July, 2011.
But retirement didn't remove the star from the spotlight【聚光灯】. Yao, who continued to be China's global sports brand, remained in news off the court as a wildlife conservation advocate.
The WildAid ambassador has appeared in a string of videos calling for wildlife protection.
The 35-year-old has also been a national political advisor since 2013, representing his native city Shanghai.
1． 生词分析：
（1） nominatevt.推荐；提名；任命；指定
eg.He was nominated for the MP.
（2）eligibilityn.适任，合格；被选举资格
eg.The parliament lowered the age of eligibility of the president from 40 to 34, allowing the son to take over.
（3）veterann.老兵；老手；富有经验的人；老运动员
adj.经验丰富的；老兵的
（4）spotlightn. 聚光灯；反光灯；公众注意的中心
vt. 聚光照明；使公众注意
2． 个人感想：
Yao Ming is the pride of Chinese people. In the NBA, he is very hard. Even if injured, he also try to endure. He not only in the Chinese basketball, but also created a miracle in American basketball. He is my idol.
篇三：英语新闻考试
英语新闻期末考试
一．专业名词英译中 A
accredited journalist 特派记者 advance 预发消息；预写消息 advertising 广告
advertorials 社论式广告 affair 桃色新闻 air time直播
all-day paper 全天报纸 alternative papers 另类报纸 anchor主播 angle 观点
attribution 消息来源 audio text 有声文本
audit bureau of circulation 报刊发行审计局 B
banner 大字标题
banner headline 通栏大标题，头版头号标题 back alley news 小道消息 back grounding 新闻背景 beat 报道领域，报道范围
big news报纸上每一个版上最重要，位置最靠前的稿件，也称头题 blank vt. "开天窗" brief n. 简讯 body 正文
body copy 报道第一段以后的文字；正文 box 花边新闻
breaking news 突发新闻 brief 简讯
broadsheet 大报
bulletin n.新闻公告，新闻简报 bureau chief 总编辑
business magazine 商业杂志 byline 署名行 C
caption标题
Censor vt. 审查(新闻稿件)，新闻审查 chain 报系
circulation 发行量；发行部 city news社会新闻
classified advertising 分类广告 clipping n．剪报
closed questions 闭合式提问 columns 专栏
column inch 栏英寸 columnist 专栏作家 copy 文稿
copy editor文字编辑 copy desk 文字编辑部，（报社）编辑部 copyright 版权
contributing editor 特约编辑
contribution n．(投给报刊的)稿件;投稿 contributor n．投稿人
consumer magazines 消费杂志 correspondence column 读者来信 cover story：封面报道；封面文章 covert coverage 隐性采访，秘密采访 crop 剪辑
cut 插图，删减（字数） cutline 插图说明；图片说明 D
daily newspaper 日报
dateline 新闻电头，日期栏 day side日间档 deadline 截稿时间 delivery 投递 digest 文摘
display advertising 陈列广告 double-truck 连版广告
double confirmation双重确认 drop head 副标题 E
ear 报耳
edit bay 剪辑室 edition 版面 editor 主编
editor-in-chief 总编辑 editorial 社论；时评 editorial office 编辑部 editors Note编者按
exclusive news 某一新闻媒介抢先刊载或live shot 现场实况 播发的独自一家的消息，独家新闻 executive editor 执行总编
executive producer 执行制片人 extra 号外
expose 揭丑新闻 新闻曝光
eye-account 目击记；记者见闻 F
feature 特写；特稿 feature services 特稿社 flag 报头
flagship （报纸产业中的）旗舰 free circulation 免费发行
freedom of the Press 新闻自由 freelancer 自由撰稿人
folo (=follow-up) 连续报道 Foreign correspondent 驻外记者 Full dimension 全面报道 G
gathering 配页 graphics 图片 group 报团
go live to sb 与某人现场连线 Gutter 中缝 H
Hard news硬新闻 headline 新闻标题 highlights 要闻
highlights and sidelights 要闻与花絮 human interest 人情味 I
in-depth reporting 深度报道 infographics 信息制图 inside story 内幕新闻
interpretative reporting 解释性报道 Inverted pyramid 倒金字塔(写作结构) investigative reporting 调查性报道 J
journalese 新闻文体 K
kicker 引题 L
layout n．版面编排；版面设计 lead 导语
M
masthead 报头
memorial volume 纪念刊 N
nameplate 报名
national advertising 国内广告 news agency 通讯社
news alert 新闻快讯，滚动新闻 news blackout 新闻管制 news briefing 新闻发布会 news clue新闻线索
news commentator 新闻评论员 news exchange 新闻交换
newshole 新闻版面；非广告版面 newspaper rack 报刊自动销售机 news peg新闻线索，新闻电头 news sensitivity 新闻敏感 newsstand 报刊亭；报摊 news value 新闻价值 nondaily 非日报报纸 nose for news 新闻敏感 nuggets 新闻板块 O
official newspaper 官方报纸 off the record不予发表 on location 出外景
open ended questions 开放式提问 opinion judgment 舆论审判 P
pagination 分页
paparazzi专门追逐名人的摄影记者，狗仔队pass alone rate 传播率
photojournalism 摄影新闻工作 pipeline 匿名消息来源 play 着重报道；宣传 prime time黄金时段 post-press 印后 pre-press 印前
pre-print advertising 印前广告 pre-interview 预采访
pony peport 每日新闻摘要 prime time 黄金时段
press conference 新闻发布会
press briefing 新闻发布会 stringer 特约记者 press release 新闻公告；新闻简报 soft news 软新闻 profile n.人物专访；人物特写 special correspondent 特派记者 proofreader 校对员 subhead 小标题 prompter 提词器 subscription 订阅 proper language (适于刊登的)正规用语 supplement号外，副刊 put to bed 准备编排工作直至印刷为止 Sunday features 周日特刊 R suspended interest悬念 ratings 收视率 syndicate 稿件辛迪加 readers per copy 每份报纸读者数 syndication 报纸辛迪加 readership 读者数量 T recap 简明新闻 tabloid 小报 replate 重印版 the front page 头版 reporter trainee 实习记者 tear sheet 样张 retail advertising 零售广告 tight close-up 大特写，近特写镜头 rewriteman (报社的)改写加工编辑 time period competitor 同一时段竞争者
U run-of-paper advertising 随意插排的报纸广
V 告
rundown meeting 台本讨论会 veteran reporters 资深记者 S video display terminal 视频显示终端 saddle-stitch （装订中的）骑马订 videotext 视频文本 senior producer 高级制片人 voluntary pay newspaper 自行支付报纸；自sensational 耸人听闻的；具有轰动效应的 愿支付报纸
W scoop 抢先报道的新闻；独家新闻
senior producer 高级制片人 watchdog舆论监督 sensationalism 煽情主义 weekly 周刊 sidebar （主要报道的）补充报道 Well-informed sources 消息灵通人士 single-copy sales 单份报纸销售 wire agency 新闻通讯社 slanted news coverage 带有倾向性的新闻报wire broadcasting 有线广播 道 wire service 通讯社 Slug line 简短说明 workstation 工作站
Z stand 报摊点
straight hour 直播 zoned edition 分区版
二.简答题（30分）
The following notes are what were written by the reporter in a city news. Please identify the basic elements of the story.
It all started when a group of five intoxicated young men wandered out of a nightclub before dawn Thursday and decided to visit a nearby circus to play with the animals. The group initially tried to coax a zebra out of its enclosure, but the animal refused. Instead, the young men settled for 8-year-old Serge, a llama, who followed the group around Bordeaux. Serge roamed the streets with the group and even rode the city’s tram. When the tram conductor noticed there was a llama aboard and asked the passengers to depart the train. The group left the llama in the care of tram worker’s care until it was returned to the circus. The director of the traveling circus initially filed
a complaint against the five men, prompting French police to detain them Thursday afternoon. Ultimately, he withdrew his complaint, as Serge was returned unharmed. 三．分析题（30分）
Try to analyze the attribution in this story.P38 旧版P45-46 四. 写作题（20分）
Read through the following story and answer the next two questions: 1. What kind of lead of this story? And explain it. （5分） 2. Write a direct lead based on it.(15分)
This llama defines "party animal"
It’s settled: Llamas are the ultimate party animals.
A particularly adventurous llama named Serge proved as much when the animal -- assisted by a group of five intoxicated young men -- fled a circus in Bordeaux early Thursday morning to tour the town.
According to Sud Ouest, Serge roamed the streets with his new friends and even rode the city’ tram. Revelers documented the night of debauchery in photos that quickly spread throughout the social media world.
It all started when the five friends wandered out of a nightclub before dawn Thursday and decided to visit a nearby circus to play with the animals, according to local reports. The group initially tried to coax a zebra out of its enclosure, but the animal reportedly refused. Instead, the young men settled for 8-year-old Serge, who happily followed the group around Bordeaux.
The adventure finally came to an end after the tram conductor noticed there was a llama aboard and asked the passengers to depart the train. The group left the llama in the care of tram worker’s care until it was returned to the circus.
The director of the traveling circus initially filed a complaint against the five men, prompting French police to detain them Thursday afternoon. Ultimately, however, the director withdrew his complaint, as Serge the llama was returned unharmed.
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