篇一：新唐书杜甫传试题答案及参考译文
阅读下面一段文言文，完成5—7题（3小题，9分）
杜甫少贫，不自振，客吴楚齐赵间，举进士不第，困于长安。奏赋三篇，帝奇之，使待制集贤院。数上赋颂，因高自称道，且言：“先臣恕、预以来，承儒守官十一世，（1）迨审言，以文章显中宗时。臣赖绪业，自七岁属辞，且四十年。然衣不盖体，常寄食于人。窃恐转死沟壑，伏惟天子哀怜之。若令执先臣故事，拔泥涂之久辱，则臣之述作虽不足鼓吹六经，至沉郁顿挫，随时敏给，杨雄、枚皋可企及也。有臣如此，陛下其忍弃之？”
会禄山乱，甫避走三川。肃宗立，自鄜州羸服欲奔行在，为贼所得。后亡走风翔上谒，拜右拾遗。与房琯为布衣交，琯以客董延兰，罢宰相。甫上疏言：“罪细，不宜免大臣。”帝怒，诏三司杂问。宰相张镐曰：“甫若抵罪，绝言者路。”帝乃解。甫谢曰：“琯宰相子，少自树立为醇儒，有大臣体，时论许琯才堪公辅，陛下果委而相之。观其深念主忧，义形于色，然性失于简。酷嗜鼓琴，延兰托琯门下，贫疾昏老，依倚为非，琯爱惜人情，一至玷污。臣叹其功名未就，志气挫衄，（2）觊陛下弃细录大，所以冒死称述，涉近讦激，违杵圣心。陛下赦臣百死，再赐骸骨，天下之幸，非臣独蒙。”然帝自是不甚省录。
时所在寇夺，甫家寓鄜，弥年艰贫，孺弱至饿死，因许甫自往省视。出为华州司功参军，不至。会严武节度剑南，往依焉。武表为检校工部员外郎。武以世旧，待甫甚善，亲人其家。甫见之，或时不巾，而性褊躁傲诞，尝醉登武．
床，瞪视曰：“严挺之乃有此儿！”武亦暴猛，外若不为杵，中衔之。一日欲杀．
甫，将出，冠钩于帘三，左右白其母，奔救得止。武卒，崔旰等乱，甫往来梓、．
夔间。后南游，客耒阳，一夕大醉而卒，年五十九。 ．
甫旷放不自检，好论天下大事，高而不切。数尝寇乱，挺节无所污，为歌诗，伤时棿弱，情不忘君，人怜其忠。
《新唐书·杜甫传》
5．下列各组句子中，加点的词的解释有误的一项是 （）
A．臣赖绪业，自七岁属辞 绪：残余的。 ．
B．琯以客董延兰，罢宰相 客：招纳门客 ．
C．然帝自是不甚省录录：任用采纳 ．
D．外若不为杵，中衔之 衔：怀恨。 ．
6．以下各句分别编为四组，全能表现杜甫“忠君”的一组是（ ） ①数上赋颂，因高自称道 ②自鄜州羸服欲奔行在
③所以冒死称述，涉近讦激，违杵圣心
④甫见之，或时不巾，尝醉登武床，瞪视曰：“严挺之乃有此儿！”
⑤数尝寇乱，挺节无所污，为歌诗，伤时棿弱，情不忘君
A．②③⑤ B．③④⑤ C．②③④D．①②③
7．对《杜甫传》理解分析评价正确的一项是 （）
A．杜甫青少年时精神不振作，以至于没能中举，一生悲剧由此而来。
B．杜甫在给皇帝的上书中，介绍了自己的家世，自己的学问和生活境况，表现了诗人对自己才干的高度自信自许、怀才不遇的感伤和希望发挥才干的企盼。
C．由于杜甫性格旷放，与严挺之和严武发生了冲突，最后不得不飘流到南方。
D．这段文字对杜甫的一生作了高度的赞美，尤其是对他关心朝政表示了完全的赞许。
8. 翻译文言文中画线的句子。（6分）
（1）迨审言，以文章显中宗时。（3分）
（2）觊陛下弃细录大，所以冒死称述。（3分） （一）
5．答案：A（绪业，前人留下来的事业。） 6．答案：A7．答案：B
8．（1）等到杜审言，因文章出众而在中宗时显贵。（2）希望陛下能够舍小取大，因此冒死上疏。
新唐书杜甫传参考译文
杜甫年轻时家贫不能维持生活，就漂泊在吴、越、齐、赵等地。应考进士没有考中,困在长安。杜甫献上赋颂三篇，皇上觉得他很有才能，就让他在集贤院待诏。杜甫多次献上赋颂，称扬自己，并且说：“从先臣杜恕、杜预以来，我家传承儒业保持官职已有十一代了。到杜审言时，以文章称显于世。我依靠祖宗所传的事业，从七岁起开始作诗，近四十年了。然而衣服不能遮盖身体，常依靠别人才有饭吃。暗想恐怕早晚弃尸山谷，伏拜恳请天子哀怜我。如果能让我丅操祖先的旧业，把我从长久屈辱的困境中解脱出来，那么我的文章，即使不足以宣扬六经，超过诸子，至于深沉蕴积、抑扬有致，顺应时势、思维敏捷，达到扬雄、枚皋的水平是没有问题的。有这样的臣子，陛下能忍心放弃吗!”
恰逢安禄山叛乱，杜甫逃到三川避难。肃宗即位后，杜甫身穿破旧衣衫，从部州想要投肃宗所在之地，被叛军俘获。后来杜甫逃到凤翔拜谒圣上，被任命为左拾遗。杜甫和宰相房瑁是平民时的朋友，房官因窝藏琴师董廷兰之故被撤了宰相职，杜甫呈上奏章说：“罪行轻微，不应该免去大臣的职务。”肃宗太怒，下旨让三司共同治杜甫的罪。宰相张镐说：“杜甫要是拿来顶罪，就不会有人再提意见了。”肃宗才平息了怒气。杜甫谢罪说：“宰相张镐的儿子张琯，自幼便树立了一个理想，便是成为纯儒（也就是纯粹的儒者，也可以理解为儒家的大学者），那时他就拥有一个大臣应有的得体风范。使人议论许琯的才干可担任三公之位，陛下果然委任他并以他为宰相，我看他深切顾念主上的忧心之事，大义表现在神色上，然而，性情傲慢。十分酷爱弹琴，延兰委身托付房琯门下，贫穷疾病，昏聩年老，依仗势力胡作非为，房琯爱惜人才的情谊，以致
受到玷。我叹息他功名没有成就，志向气概却遭受挫败，希望陛下舍弃小错留取大品德，因此，冒死罪上疏，言辞涉及激烈的攻击，违背圣上心意。陛下赦免我的死罪，再恩赐我告老还乡，此恩德不只是臣单独蒙受。”然而皇帝从此不十分看重录用杜甫。
当时叛军到处抢掠，杜甫的家寄居在鄜州，长年生活贫寒困苦，幼年的孩子甚至要饿死了，于是朝廷允许杜甫自行回家看望家人。出京任华州司功参军，没有赴任。恰逢严武任剑南西川节度使，杜甫前去投奔他，上表推荐杜甫为检校工部员外郎。严武因为自家与杜甫是世代交谊，就对杜甫十分优待，亲自来到杜甫家中。杜甫去见严武，有时连头巾也不戴。杜甫的性格急躁，气量狭小，又傲慢放肆，常常喝醉酒以后站到严武的床上，瞪圆了眼睛看着严武说：“严挺之竟然有这么个儿子。”严武为此心中怀恨。有一天，他想杀掉杜甫，就在门口召集官吏，严武正要出门，他的帽子被门帘钩住了三次，旁边的人跑去报告严武的母亲，他母亲尽力阻止此事才算罢休。严武去世，崔旰等人叛乱，杜甫往来梓夔之间。后来向南游历，客居耒阳，一晚大醉而死，年纪五十九岁。
杜甫旷达不拘礼俗，又不自我约束检点，喜欢谈论天下大事，调子虽高却不切实际。杜甫多次身经叛乱，坚守节操，没有污点。他所作的诗歌，感伤时局又懦弱无为，感情上忘不掉皇上，人们都很同情他的忠义。
篇二：杜甫《哀王孙》原文与翻译
杜甫《哀王孙》原文与翻译
哀王孙
长安城头头白乌，夜飞延秋门上呼。
又向人家啄大屋，屋底达官走避胡。
金鞭断折九马死，骨肉不待同驰驱。
腰下宝青珊瑚，可怜王孙泣路隅。
问之不肯道姓名，但道困苦乞为奴。
已经百日窜荆棘，身上无有完肌肤。
高帝子孙尽隆准，龙种自与常人殊。
豺狼在邑龙在野，王孙善保千金躯。
不敢长语临交衢，且为王孙立斯须。
昨夜东风吹血腥，东来橐驼满旧都。
朔方健儿好身手，昔何勇锐今何愚。
窃闻天子已传位，圣德北服南单于。
花门剺面请雪耻，慎勿出口他人狙。
哀哉王孙慎勿疏，五陵佳气无时无。
注解 １、延秋门：唐宫苑西门；出此门，即由便桥渡渭水，自咸阳大道往马嵬。
２、九马两句：指玄宗快马打鞭，急于出奔，丢下李家骨肉而去。 ３、豺狼在邑：指安禄山在洛阳称帝；
４、龙在野：指玄宗出奔在蜀。
５、朔方两句：指哥舒翰守潼关的河陇、朔方军二十万，为安禄山大败事。 ６、圣德句：后汉光武帝时，匈奴两分为南北，南单于（南匈奴王）遣使称臣。这里指肃宗即位后，回纥曾遣使结好，愿助唐平乱。 ７、花门：花门山堡在居延海（在今甘肃）北三百里，是回纥骑兵驻地，故借以指回纥。
８、面：即“梨面”。古匈奴俗以割面流血，表示忠诚哀痛。
９、慎勿句：钱谦益云：“当时降贼之臣必有为贼耳目，搜捕皇孙妃主以献奉者。”所以这里这样说。狙：猕猴。因善伺伏攫食，比喻有人会暗中侦视。 １０、五陵：长安有汉五陵，即高帝长陵，惠帝安陵，景帝阳陵，武帝茂陵，昭帝平陵。恰好玄宗以前的唐室也有五陵，即高祖献陵，太宗昭陵，高宗乾陵，中宗定陵，睿宗桥陵，施鸿保《读杜说》，以为“此就唐五陵言，非借汉为比，亦非惜用字面。”
１１、佳气：指陵墓间郁郁葱葱之气，原是旧时堪舆家的风水之说。 １２、无时无：意谓随时都有中兴的希望。
译文
长安城头，伫立着一只白头乌鸦，
夜暮了，还飞进延秋门上叫哇哇。
这怪物，又向大官邸宅啄个不停，
吓得达官们，为避胡人逃离了家。
玄宗出奔，折断金鞭又累死九马，
皇亲国戚，来不及和他一同驱驾。
有个少年，腰间佩带玉块和珊瑚，
可怜呵，他在路旁哭得嗓子嘶哑。
千问万问，总不肯说出自己姓名，
只说生活困苦，求人收他做奴伢！
已经有一百多天，逃窜荆棘丛下，
身上无完肤，遍体是裂痕和伤疤。
凡是高帝子孙，大都是鼻梁高直，
龙种与布衣相比，自然来得高雅。
豺狼在城称帝，龙种却流落荒野，
王孙呵，你一定要珍重自己身架。
在十字路口，不敢与你长时交谈，
只能站立片刻，交代你重要的话。
昨天夜里，东风吹来阵阵血腥味，
长安东边，来了很多骆驼和车马。
北方军队，一贯是交战的好身手，
往日勇猛，如今何以就流水落花。
私下听说，皇上已把皇位传太子，
南单于派使拜服，圣德安定天下。
他们个个割面，请求雪耻上前线，
你要守口如瓶，以防暗探的缉拿。
多可怜呵王孙，你万万不要疏忽，
五陵之气葱郁，大唐中兴有望呀！
赏析
《哀王孙》是唐代伟大诗人杜甫的作品。此诗作于唐天宝十五年（756）安禄山犯长安后几个月。此诗先写安史之乱起，唐玄宗仓猝逃往成都的情景，再记叙王孙亲贵避乱匿身，后写国家乱极将治。作者在诗中既写了唐宗室逃离长安时连子弟都不能相顾的惊恐和王孙流落生的哀伤，也表现了诗人对他们的关切同情和对肃宗的希望。全诗写景抒情，真切生动，荡人胸怀，叙事利索，语气亲切，词色古泽，气魄宏大。
唐玄宗天宝十五年（756）六月九日，潼关失守，十三日玄宗奔蜀，仅携贵妃姊妹几人，其余妃嫔、皇孙、公主皆不及逃走。七月安禄山部将孙孝哲攻陷长安，先后杀戮霍长公主以下百余人。诗中所指王孙，应是大难中的幸存者。
诗先追忆安史祸乱发生前的征兆；接着写明皇委弃王孙匆促出奔，王孙流落的痛苦；最后密告王孙内外的形势，叮咛王孙自珍，等待河山光复。
全诗写景写情，皆诗人所目睹耳闻，亲身感受，因而情真意切。荡人胸怀，叙事明净利索，语气真实亲切。写同情处见其神，写对话处见其情，写议论处见其真，写希望处见其切。杜诗之所以称“诗史”者，盖在于此也。
篇三：杜甫翻译
Poetry of the Tang Dynasty: The Chinese Poetic Masterpiece through the Ages
China is the country of poetry. Especially in Tang Dynasty, Chinese classic poetry had reached its heyday. During 300 years in Tang Dynasty, many excellent poets and outstanding poetry works sprung up. The Full Collection of Tang Poems, edited by the people in Qing Dynasty, collected more than 2,300 poets’ works which is amount to 48,900 poems. The poems in Tang Dynasty has a large quantity, wide themes and various imagery and styles, generating a plenty of poems combining the thought with art. It is really a golden age that all flowers bloom together. The poetry of Tang Dynasty is the Chinese poetic masterpiece through the ages.
Nowadays, there are so many poetries of Tang Dynasty worth reading. We will introduce three great poets as follows. They are very representative in that they three’s poems contain Chinese cultural significance, temperament and interest.
The gloomy beauty of Du Fu’s poetry
The sense of beauty in Du Fu’s poetry is gloomy with one word.
The cultural connotation of Gloom is Confucian Ren which means mercy.
The Confucian Ren is a general human sympathy, human care between each other. Namely, love the public widely, love people. This kind of sympathy and care involved in his poems, forming a kind of unique beauty, that is gloom.
The gloomy poetry of Du Fu is characterized with his deeply experience and sympathize the people’s sufferings. Combining his own destiny, the state’s turmoil with the people’s sufferings, he got the experience and feeling from that. His North ,Lyrics, The soldier’s march and San Li (three officials), San Bie (three sad short stories) are the typical example. For instance, at the beginning of The soldier’s march, it described that the people were separated from their relatives because of the war. And at the end of the poem, he lamented the countless soldiers dead in the war.
"San Li" and "San Bie" are also write about people’s disasters brought by the war. Parting of the Newly-married is about a couple who married in the evening and had to part in tomorrow’s morning; Parting of the old aged is about an aged man who was conscripted to go to war, and had to say goodbye to his old wife; Parting of homeless soldiers tells us a story about the soldiers who found themselves homeless after came back home and had to once again be eolled to the army. For example, there are a few verses in Xinan Li:
The robust young man could be seen off by their mothers, while the slight ones were lonely and helpless since their parents had been died in the war. The river flowed eastward day and night, while the green mountains still kept crying.
“ could be seen off by their mothers ” described the hate of death and departure for mother and son; “lonely and helpless” expressed the boundless sorrow. Water sobbed, and people's cried, both of them are stirred into together. The depressed emotion showed here were actually from the poet's deep sympathy for people’s suffering. In the poem Parting of the Newly-married:
You can see, the birds are flying freely in the sky, no matter big or small, they are all in pairs; however, a lot of matters in our human’s world are not satisfactory, I wish our love could be forever.
“The verses “no matter big or small, they are all in pairs”, “I wish our love could be forever”
describe a pathetic scene which with a teardrop for every word. This kind of gloom,were also from the sincere love in the world.
There’s another feature about Du Fu’s gloomy style in his poem: a sad feeling of life and a boundless feeling of history, which were triggered by the deep experience on the ebb and flow of life. For instance, in a poem written about Chinese ancient character Zhu Geliang The Prime Minister,
" Where to find the ancestral temple of prime minister Zhu Geliang? It’s in the lush cypress jungle outside Chengdu city. The fresh grass is shining on the steps and shows us the natural spring scenery. Orioles sing on the tree. The First Lord’s (Liubei) three visits to thatched cottage returned when the loyal prime minister assisted the Lord with almost all his energy and life-long time. Died before the army marched made many heroes shed tears. This poem pervades a sense of sadness of life and history.
This is the gloomy beauty of Du Fu’s poetry, which includes a kind of deep sympathy to the people’s sufferings. Meanwhile, it pervades a sense of iciness and vastness in life and history. One could not have reached that state without deep mercy, love and experience to the life and history respectively.
《杜甫传翻译》
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