篇一：Alexander Pope
Alexander Pope
"Whoever thinks a faultless piece to see,
Thinks what ne'er was, nor is, nor e'er shall be."
——from An Essay on Criticism
I. An Overview
Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744)), an 18th-century English poet best known for his Essay on Criticism, The Rape of the Lock and The Dunciad. He is best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. Famous for his use of the heroic couplet, he is the third-most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, after Shakespeare and Tennyson.
II. Life Experience
Pope was a London draper’s son. His parents were both Catholics. Pope was taught to read by his aunt, and went to Twyford School in about 1698. He then went to two Catholic schools in London. Such schools, while illegal, were tolerated in some areas. In 1700, his family moved to a small estate at Popeswood in Binfield, Berkshire, close to the royal Windsor Forest. Pope's formal education ended at this time, and from then on he mostly educated himself by reading the works of classical writers such as the satirists Horace and Juvenal, the epic poets Homer and Virgil, as well as English authors such as Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare and John Dryden. He also studied many languages and read works by English, French, Italian, Latin, and Greek poets. After five years of study, Pope came into contact with figures from the London literary society such as William Wycherley, William Congreve, Samuel Garth, William Trumbull, and William Walsh. At Binfield, he also began to make many important friends. One of them, John Caryll, was twenty years older than the poet and had made many acquaintances in the London literary world. He introduced the young Pope to the ageing playwright William Wycherley and to William Walsh, a minor poet, who helped Pope revise his first major work, The Pastorals. He also met the Blount sisters, Teresa and Martha, both of whom would remain lifelong friends. From the age of 12, he suffered numerous health problems, such as Pott's disease, which deformed his body and stunted his growth, leaving him with a severe hunchback. He grew to a height of only 1.37 m tall. Pope was already removed from society because he was Catholic; his poor health only alienated him further. Although he never married, he had many female friends to whom he wrote witty letters.Allegedly, his lifelong friend, Martha Blount, was his lover.
III. Major Works and Time of Publication
? 1709: Pastorals
? 1711: An Essay on Criticism
An Essay on Criticism was first published anonymously on 15 May 1711. Pope took about three years to finish it. At the time the poem was published, the heroic couplet style in which it was written was a moderately new gee of poetry, and Pope's most ambitious work. An Essay on Criticism was an attempt to identify and refine his own positions as a poet and critic.
? 1712: The Rape of the Lock (enlarged in 1714)
Pope's most famous poem is The Rape of the Lock, first published in 1712, with a revised version published in 1714. A mock-epic, it satirises a high-society quarrel between Arabella Fermor and Lord Petre, who had snipped a lock of hair from her head without her permission. The satirical style is tempered, however, by a genuine and almost voyeuristic interest in the "beau-monde" (fashionable world) of 18th-century English society.
? 1713: Windsor Forest
? 1715–1720: Translation of the Iliad
Pope had been fascinated by Homer since childhood. In 1713, he announced his plans to publish a translation of the Iliad. His translation of the Iliad appeared between 1715 and 1720. It was acclaimed by Samuel Johnson as "a performance which no age or nation could hope to equal".
? 1717: Eloisa to Abelard
? 1717: Three Hours After Marriage, with others
? 1717: Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady
? 1723–1725: The Works of Shakespear, in Six Volumes
In 1725, this edition silently "regularised" Shakespeare's metre and rewrote his verse in a number of places. Pope also demoted about 1560 lines of Shakespearean material to footnotes, arguing that they were so "excessively bad" that Shakespeare could never have written them. In 1726, Lewis Theobald published a scathing pamphlet called Shakespeare Restored, which catalogued the errors in Pope's work and suggested a number of revisions to the text. Pope and Theobald were probably well-acquainted, and Pope no doubt interpreted this as a violation of the rules of friendship.
A second edition of Pope's Shakespeare appeared in 1728, but aside from making some minor revisions to the preface, it seems that Pope had little to do with it. Most later 18th-century editors of Shakespeare dismissed Pope's creatively motivated approach to textual criticism. Pope's preface, however, continued to be highly rated. ? 1725–1726: Translation of the Odyssey
Encouraged by the success of the Iliad, Pope translated the Odyssey. The translation appeared in 1726, but this time, confronted with the arduousness of the task, he enlisted the help of William Broome and Elijah Fenton.
? 1727: Peri Bathous, Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry
? 1728: The Dunciad
Though the Dunciad was first published anonymously in Dublin, its authorship was not in doubt. As well as Theobald, it pilloried a host of other "hacks", "scribblers" and "dunces". Mack called its publication "in many ways the greatest act of folly in Pope's life".
? 1732–1734: Essay on Man
The Essay on Man is a philosophical poem, written in heroic couplets and published between 1732 and 1734. Pope intended this poem to be the centrepiece of a proposed system of ethics that was to be put forth in poetic form, however, he did not live to complete it. It consists of four epistles that are addressed to Lord Bolingbroke. Pope presents an idea on his view on the Universe; he says that no matter how imperfect, complex, inscrutable and disturbing the Universe appears to be, it functions in a rational fashion according to the natural laws. Pope gets the message across that humans must accept their position in the "Great Chain of Being" which is at a middle stage between the angels and the beasts of the world. If we are able to accomplish this then we potentially could lead happy and virtuous lives.
? 1735: The Prologue to the Satires
IV. Distinguishing Features of his Creation
Pope followed conservative and constructive rules increative work, valuing not passion but clarity, balance, proportion and concentration on language and style. Pope is one of the most prominent representatives of this age and this chief achievement lies in composing satirical poetry in heroic couplet. He succeeded Chaucer and Dryden in bringing this metrical form to its perfection.
In1711, after the publication of An Essay on Criticism, that he was finally established as a master of poetry in the form of heroic couplets. It begins with a discussion of the standard rules that govern poetry by which a critic passes judgment. Its significance comes from its assertion that literary criticism is an art formand should function actively like a living organism. Pope comments on the classical authors who dealt with such standards, and the authority that he believed should be accredited to them. He discusses the laws to which a critic should adhere while critiquing poetry, and points out that critics serve an important function in aiding poets with their works, as opposed to the practice of attacking them.
The Rape of the Lock is a brilliant satire written in the form of a mock-heroic poem, and it offers a typical example of the 18th-century classical style, and a satirical view as well of the fashionable world in Queen Anne’s reign. Pope not only ridicules a trivial incident that sparks a serious feud, but also mocks the highflown style and language of epic poetry itself.
V. Contribution
The death of Alexander Pope from Museus, a threnody by William Mason. Diana holds the dying Pope, and John Milton, Edmund Spenser, and Geoffrey Chaucer prepare to welcome him to heaven.
By the mid-18th century new fashions in poetry emerged. A decade after Pope's death, Joseph Warton claimed that Pope's style of poetry was not the most excellent form of the art. The Romantic movement that rose to prominence in early 19th-century England was more ambivalent towards his work. Though Lord Byron identified Pope as one of his chief influences, William Wordsworth found Pope's style fundamentally too decadent a representation of the human condition.
In the 20th century Pope's reputation was revived. Pope's work was found to be full of references to the people and places of his time, and these aided people's understanding of the past. The postwar period stressed the power of Pope's poetry, recognising that Pope's immersion in Christian and Biblical culture lent depth to his poetry. Maynard Mack thought highly of Pope's poetry, arguing that Pope's moral vision demanded as much respect as his technical excellence. In the years 1953–1967 the production of the definitive Twickenham edition of Pope's poems was published in ten volumes.
英语1002
马采薇
101110223
篇二：英国文学作家作品最全版
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篇三：重要英美作家作品英汉对照
重要英美作家作品英汉对照
英国作家作品
Edmund Spenser (1552-1599) 埃德蒙·斯宾塞
The Shepherds Calendar 《牧人日历》
The Faerie Queen 《仙后》
Christopher Marlow (1564-1593) 克里斯托弗·马洛
Tamburlaine, Parts I &II 《铁木耳大帝，第一部和第二部》 The Tragical History of Dr.Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》 The Jew of Malta《马尔他的犹太人》
Edward II《爱德华二世》
“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”《多情的牧羊人致情人歌》
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) 威廉·莎士比亚
Hey VI《亨利六世》
Richard III《查理三世》
Hey IV《亨利四世》
A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》
As You Like It《皆大欢喜》
The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》
Twelfth Night《第十二夜》
Romeo and Juliet《洛密欧与朱丽叶》
Hamlet《哈姆雷特》
Othello《奥赛罗》
King Lear《李尔王》
Macbeth《麦克佩斯》
Cymbeline《辛白林》
The Tempest《暴风雨》
The Two Gentlemen of Verona《维洛那二绅士》
Timon of Athens《雅典的泰门》
Francis Bacon (1561-1626) 弗兰西斯·培根
The Advancement of Learning《学术的进展》
Novum Orgaum《新工具》
History Of the Reign of King Hey VII《亨利七世王朝史》 The New Atlantis《新大西岛》
Essays《论说文集》
“Of Studies”《论读书》
John Donne (1572-1631) 约翰·邓恩
The Elegies and Satires《挽歌与讽刺诗》
The Songs and Sonnets《歌曲与十四行诗》
“The Sun Rising”《日出》
:Death, Be Not Proud”《死神莫骄傲》
John Milton (1608-1674) 约翰·米尔顿
Lycidas《列西达斯》
Areopagitica《论出版自由》
Paradise Lost《失乐园》
Paradise Regained《复乐园》
Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》
John Bunyan (1628-1688) 约翰·班杨
Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners《功德无量》
The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》
The Life and Death of Mr.Badman《培德曼先生传》
The Holy War《圣战》
Alexander Pope (1688-1744)亚历山大·蒲柏
Pastorals《田园诗集》
The Rape of the Lock《卷发遭劫记》
The Dunciad《愚人志》
An Essay on Criticism《批评论》
Essay on Man《人论》
Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) 丹尼尔·迪福
Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》
Captain Singleton《辛格顿船长》
Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》
Colonel Jack《杰克上校》
Roxana《洛珊娜传》
A Journal of the Plague Year《大疫年记》
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) 乔纳森·斯威夫特
The Battle of the Books《书的战争》
A Tale of a Tub《一个木桶的故事》
The Drapier’s Letters《布商的书信》
A Modest Proposal《一个温和的建议》
Gulliver’s Travels《格列佛游记》
Hey Fielding (1707-1754)亨利·菲尔丁
The Coffee-House Politician《咖啡屋政客》
Pasquin《讽刺诗文》
The Historical Register for the Year 1736《一七三六年历史纪事》 Joseph Andrews 《约瑟夫·安德鲁斯》
The Life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great《大伟人乔纳森·威尔德传》 The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling《弃儿，汤姆·琼斯传》 Amelia《阿米丽亚》
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) 塞缪尔·约翰逊
A Dictionary of the English Language《英语词典》
Lives of the Poets《诗人传》
London《伦敦》
The Vanity of Human Wishes《人类欲望之虚幻》
The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia《阿比西尼亚王子拉塞拉斯》 “To the Right Honorable the Eael of Chesterfield”《致切斯特菲尔德书》
Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816) 查理德·布林斯利·谢立丹 The Rivals《情敌》
The School fro Scandal《造谣学校》
St. Patrick’s Day《圣·帕特立克节》
The Duenna《杜埃娜》
The Critic《批评家》
Thomas Gray (1716-1771)托马斯·格雷
“An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”《墓园挽歌》
“Ode on the Spring”《春天颂》
“Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College”《伊顿学院的遥远前景颂》 “Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat”《爱猫之死颂》
“Hymn to Adversity”《逆境赞》
William Blake (1757-1827)威廉·布莱克
Poetical Sketches《素描诗集》
Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》
Songs of Experience《经验之歌》
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell《天堂与地域的婚姻》
The Book of Urizen《尤里真之书》
The Book of Los《洛斯之书》
The Four Zoas《四个佐亚》
Milton《米尔顿》
“The Chimney Sweeper”《扫烟窗的孩子》
“The Tyger”《老虎》
William Wordsworth (1770-1850) 威廉·华兹华斯
The Prelude《序曲》
An Evening Walk 《黄昏散步》
Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》
Ode: Intimations of Immortality《不朽颂》
The Excursion《远足》
“I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”《我好似一朵孤独的流云》 “Composed upon Westminster Bridge”《西敏寺桥上》
“She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways”《她住在人迹罕见的路边》 “The Solitary Reaper”《孤独的割麦女》
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔勒治 Remorse 《懊悔》
Biographia Literaria《文学传记》
“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”《老船夫》
“Kubla Khan”《忽必烈汗》
“Frost at MIdnight”《午夜寒降》
George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)乔治·戈登·拜伦
Hours of Idleness《懒散时光》
English Bards and Scotch Reviewers《英格兰诗人与苏格兰评论家》 Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》
The Prisoner of Chillon《奇伦的囚犯》
Manfred 《曼弗雷德》
Cain《该隐》
The Island《岛》
Don Juan《唐璜》
“Song for the Luddites”《献给路德派的歌》
“The Isles of Greece”《哀希腊》
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)波西·比希·雪莱
The Necessity of Atheism《无神论的必然性》
Queen Mab《麦布女王》
Alstor《阿拉斯特》
Julian and Maddalo《朱利安和马达洛》
The Revolt of Islam《伊斯兰的反抗》
The Cenci《钦契》
Prometheus Unbound《解放了得普罗米修斯》
Adonais《安东尼斯》
A Defence of Poetry《诗辩》
“Ode to a Skylark”《云雀颂》
“A Song: Men of England”《给英格兰人的歌》
“Ode to the West Wind”《西风颂》
John Keats (1795-1821) 约翰·济慈
Endymion《恩狄弥翁》
Lamia《拉米娅》
Isabella《伊莎贝拉》
The Eve of Saint Agnes《圣爱尼节前夜》
“Ode on a Grecian Urn”《希腊古瓷颂》
“Ode to a Nightingale”《夜莺颂》
“Ode to Psyche”《普塞克颂》
“To Autumn”《秋颂》
“Ode on Melancholy”《忧郁颂》
Jane Austen (1775-1817) 简·奥斯汀
Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》
Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》
Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》
Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德公园》
Emma《爱玛》
Persuasion《劝告》
The Watsons《沃森一家》
Charles Dickens (1812-1870) 查尔斯·狄更斯
Sketches by Boz《博兹素描》
The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club《匹克威克外传》 Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》
David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》
Martin Chuzzlewit《马丁·朱述尔维特》
Dombey and Son《董贝父子》
A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》
Bleak House《荒凉山庄》
Little Dorrit《小多利特》
Hard Times《艰难时世》
Great Expectations《远大前程》
Our Mutual Friend《我们共同的朋友》
The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》
Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) 夏洛特·布朗蒂
Jane Eyre《简·爱》
Shirley《雪莉》
The Professor《教授》
Emily Bronte (1818-1848) 埃米莉·布朗蒂
Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》
Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) 阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生 Poems by Two Bothers《两兄弟诗集》
In Memoriam《悼念》
Maud《毛黛》
Idylls of the King《国王之歌》
Enoch Arden《伊诺克·阿登》
“Break, Break, Break”《碎了，碎了，碎了》 “Crossing the Bar”《过沙洲》
“Ulysses”《尤利西斯》
Robert Browning (1812-1889) 罗伯特·布朗宁 Pauline《波琳》
Sordello《索德罗》
Dramatic Lyrics《戏剧抒情传》
Dramatic Romances and Lyrics《戏剧传奇与抒情诗》 Bell and Pomegranates《铃与石榴》
Men and Women《男男女女》
Dramatic Personae《登场人物》
Ring and Book《戒指与书》
“My Last Duchess”《我已故的公爵夫人》 “Meeting at Night”《夜会》
“Parting at Moring”《晨别》
George Eliot (1819-1880)乔治·艾略特
Adam Bede《亚当·德比》
The Mill on the Floss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》 Silas Marner《织工马南传》
Middlemarch《米德尔马契》
Daniel Deronda《丹尼尔·德伦达》
Thomas Hardy托马斯·哈代
Desperate Remedies《孤注一掷的措施》
Under the Green Tree《绿荫下》
Far from the Madding Crowd《远离尘嚣》 Tess of the D’urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》 Jude The Obscure《无名的裘德》
The Dynastes《统治者》
The Trumpet Major《喇叭上校》
The Mayor of Casterbridge《卡斯特桥市长》 The Woodlanders《林中居民》
George Berard Shaw (1856-1950) 乔治·萧伯纳 Cashel Byron’s Profession《卡希尔·拜伦的职业》 Widower’s Houses《鳏夫的房产》
Candida《堪迪达》
Mrs. Warren’s Profession《华伦夫人的职业》 Caesar and Cleopatra《凯撒与克利奥佩特拉》 St. Joan《圣女贞德》
Pygmalion《皮格马利翁》
The Apple Cart《苹果车》
Too True To Be Good《真相毕露》
John Galsworthy (1867-1933)约翰·高尔斯华绥 From the Four Winds《八面来风》
The Man of Property《有产业的人》
《alexander,pope作品》
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