篇一：俗语和成语
? 习语大都具有鲜明代形象，适宜用来比喻事物，因而往往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。不少习语前后对称，音节优美，韵律协调。由于习语具有这些特点，翻译时就应当尽量保持这些特点。译者除了忠实地表达原文习语的意义外，还应尽可能保持原文习语的形象比喻，丰富联想，修辞效果以及其民族，地方特点等。
? 英语习语就其广义而言，包括俗语，谚语，俚语等。
? 习语的英译汉有三种主要方法：直译法，套用法，意译法，直译加注法 ? 一，直译法
? To fight to the last man
? To break the record
? Under one’s nose
? Armed to the teeth
? Packed like sardines
? A die-hard
? An gentleman’s agreement
? An olive branch
? The heel of Achilles
? The open-door policy
? The most-favored-nation
? 血浓于水Blood is thicker than than water
? 吠犬不咬人Barking dogs do not bite
? 滚石不生苔A rolling stone gathers no moss
? 海内存知己，天涯若比邻Long distance separates no bosom friends. ? 兼听则明，偏听则暗Hear all parties.
以眼还眼，以牙还牙Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.
引狼入室Set the fox to keep the geese.
自助者天助God help those who help themselves.
千里之行 ，始于足下The longest journey starts with a single step.
The gift itself may be as light as a feather, but sent from afar, it conveys deep feelings.礼轻情意重
? A gentleman uses his tongue, not his fists.君子动口不动手
? Good medicine is bitter in the mouth, but good for the disease.苦口良药利于病
套用法
? 也称为以习语译习语
? Constant dripping wears the stone
? 滴水穿石
? To burn one’s boats
? 破釜沉舟
? Walls have ears
? 隔墙有耳
? Many a little makes a mickle
? 积少成多 ? ? ? ? ?
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? Look before you leap 三思而后行 There is no smoke without fire 无风不起浪 Man proposes, God/Heaven disposes 谋事在人，成事在天 The burnt child dreads the fire 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳 Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion 宁为鸡头，勿为牛尾 Where there’s a will, there’s a way 有志者，事竟成 杀机取卵 To kill the goose that lays golden eggs 成热打铁 缘木求鱼 To fish in the air Don’t wash your dirty linen in public 家丑不可外扬 A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit 吃一堑，长一智 Hungry dogs will eat dirty puddings 饥不择食 Some idioms which exhibit strong national or cultural characteristics can neither be handled by borrowing idioms from the target language nor translated literally because it would cause misunderstanding or could not be easily accepted by native speakers of the other language. In this case, it is necessary to resort to paraphrasing according to the context. To be going from bad to worse; to be deteriorating. To know practically nothing about What’s done is done, and cannot be undone. Regardless of the consequences To be simply nothing compared to In a turmoil; to be extremely upset A fly on the wheel A bull in a china shop (an area) flowing with milk and honey By hook or crook To carry fire in one hand and water in the other hand Every dog had its day This approach is used when certain idioms, particularly those with historical stories or names involved, can hardly be understood and accepted by the listener, and the translator cannot find their proper equivalents in the target
language. If literal translation were used, they would lose their original vividness.
? 杀鸡给猴看
? To kill the chicken to frighten the monkey– to punish somebody as a warning to others.
? 班门弄斧
? To show off one’s skill with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter-to display one’s slight skill before an expert/
? To teach your grandma to such eggs
? To offer to teach fish to swim
? 三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮
? Three cobblers with their wits combined surpass Zhu geLiang the mastermind-to heads are better than one
Principles for translating idioms
? 1. retain the vividness and forceful effect
? 既往不咎
? Let bygones be bygones
? 有钱能使鬼推磨
? Money makes the mare go; money talks
? The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak心有余而力不足
? Birds of a feather flock together物以类聚，人以群分
? Once bitten, twice shy一次被咬，下次胆小
? 2. retain the image
? A stitch in time saves nine及时缝一针，可以省九针
? Man proposes, God/Heaven disposes谋事在人，成事在天
? A gentleman uses his tongue, not his fists君子动口不动手
? 3. achieve brevity
? The unexpected always happens天有不测风云
? Give him an inch and he will take an ell得寸进尺
? Justice has long arms天网恢恢，疏而不漏
? To have eyes but fail to see Taishan Mountain有眼不识泰山
? To entertain an angel unawares
? You can’t eat your words不能食言
? You can’t break your promise
? You are pulling my leg你开玩笑的吧？
? A horse stumbles that has four legs人有失足，马有失蹄
? He’s leading a dog’s life穷困潦倒
? I am dead-beat today精疲力竭
? To take French leave不告而别
? A stony heart铁石心肠
? At one’s fingertips了如指掌
? To have a hand like a foot笨手笨脚
? As mute as a fish噤若寒蝉
? To return good for evil以德报怨
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? To talk black into white颠倒黑白 To turn a deaf ear to充耳不闻 Practice makes perfect熟能生巧 To face the music临危不惧 Plain sailing一帆风顺 To be dead drunk烂醉如泥 Laugh and grow fat心宽体胖 To fly into a rage勃然大怒 To look for a needle in a haystack海底捞针 A leap in the dark亲举妄动 To show one’s colors原形毕露 To make a noise in the world名噪一时 More haste, less speed欲速则不达 Neither fish nor flesh不伦不类 To pick holes in吹毛求疵 To mind one’s P’s and Q’s谨言慎行 To be at the end of one’s rope山穷水尽 To flog a dead horse徒劳无益 To turn over a new leaf改过自新 To put all one’s eggs in one basket孤注一掷 He just had forty winks.聪明一时糊涂一时 His wife held the purse string.他的妻子掌握了经济大权 You should keep your nose out of here.你别多管闲事哦 That night he slept like a top, and woke with his knee of almost normal size. I am not talking about castles in the air-the donkey’s carrot. Mother said, “John, you’re talking through your hat. You’re craze”. His accent gave him away. The Nazis in Berlin became desperate and tried to make hell while the sun was shining. As blind as a bat有眼无珠 As cool as a cucumber沉着冷静 Between the devil and the blue sea左右为难 To call a spade a spade直言不讳 Now or never勿失良机 Much cry and little wool雷声大雨点小 With tongue in cheek假心假意 To wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve The leopard cannot change its spots江山易改本性难移 As the touchstone tries gold, so gold tires men.金石可以试金，黄金可以试人 The proof of pudding is in the eating空谈不如实践 One cannot make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear.巧妇难为无米之炊 Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.不要高兴的太早 The mills of God grind slowly.天网恢恢，疏而不漏
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Nothing venture, nothing gain.不入虎穴焉得虎子 Fish begins to stink at the head.上梁不正下梁歪 Speech is silver, silence is gold.沉默是金 远亲不如近邻 Neighbors are dearer than distant relatives/ Neighbors are more helpful than relatives/ a remote kinsfolk is not as good as a near neighbor 情人眼里出西施 Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder/ love sees no fault/ Love blinds a man to imperfections 有缘千里来相会，无缘对面不相逢 Those who are meant to meet will meet even if they are separated by a thousand miles; those who are not meant to meet will not get acquainted even if they brush shoulders with one another. 醉翁之意不在酒 Many kiss the baby for the nurse’s sake The drinker’s heart is not in his cup-he has something else in his mind. 天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福 Storms gather without warning in nature, and bad luck befalls men overnight. The weather and human life are both unpredictable
篇二：练习
Exercises
I. Put the following into Chinese.
1. To take French leave 2. A stony heart
3. At one’s fingertips
4. To have a hand like a foot 5. As mute as a fish
6. To return good for evil 7. To shut one’s eyes against 8. To talk black into white 9. To turn a deaf ear to 10. Practice makes perfect 11. To face the music 12. Plain sailing 13. To be dead drunk 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
14. Laugh and grow fat 15. To fly into a rage
16. To look for a needle in a haystack 17. A leap in the dark 18. To show one’s colors
19. To make a noise in the world 20. More haste, less speed 21. Neither fish nor flesh
22. To be at the end of one’s rope 23. To flog a dead horse 24. To turn over a new leaf
25. To put all one’s eggs in one basket
II. Put the following sentences into Chinese.
He just had forty winks.
His wife held the purse string.
You should keep your nose out of here. Don’t you see the writing on the wall?
That night he slept like a top, and woke with his knee of almost normal size.
I’m not talking about castles in the air --- the donkey’s carrot. No, I mean something we’ve all shared.
7. Mother said, “John, you’re talking through your hat. You’re crazy!” 8. His accent gave him away.
9. Large police forces were encamped near the meeting, out of sight but hardly out of mind. 10. The Nazis in Berlin became desperate and tried to make hell while the sun was shining. 11. By comparison, the Great Wall in China is a mammoth presence. 12. After that the special missions became frequent occurrences.
13. Yet there was no hint as to who had irresponsibly started this fiction in the first place. Or why. 14. On careful analysis it appears that the information was erroneous or was susceptible of
varying interpretations.
15. In a dangerous and uncertain world, the strengthening of national defense is the best guarantee
of a nation’s vital interests.
16. He was confronted by the wild irrationality, the deviousness, the maliciousness and venality
of the Manchu Officials.
17. His body was perfect, alive with easy suppleness and health and strength. 18. A vision of countless colorful flowers blinded his eyes. 19. And then I fell asleep and only woke at broad day.
20. But far from recovering, that country remained overwhelmed by corruption, a tottering
bureaucracy, surging prices and natural disasters.
篇三：单选题练习
单选题练习
1. Maybe it's asking too much of you to follow the idea of‘，but at least you
should tolerate my love for jazz．
A．1ove my dog as much as loving me
B．tolerate my love for jazz music like your tolerating my dog
C．1ove everything about me because you love me
D．1ove jazz music the same as you love my dog
2. What a fabulous car—I?m
A．red with envyB．blue with envy
C．green with envy D．white with envy
3. As a man with plenty of guts , he is the to this
company which is on the verge of bankruptcy．
A．the great white hope B．the great red hope
C．the great green hope D．the great black hope
4. ．
A．boastingB．imaging C．telling 1ies about D．denying
5. I’m not surprised at the downfall of the President because of the promises he made before he
A．Dutch courage
B．a piece of cake
C．the salt of the earth
D．castles in the air
6． -----These days Mr. Smith looks anxious and restless．What happened? ．
A．badly sickB．dead C．dying D．pregnant
7. “Well，”said the Master，“if you won’t listen to what I say，you and your examination chances．
A．zip my lips of B．wash hands of
C．1ick my boots ofD．sit at my feet of
8. ．
A．1eaving the office with her ideasB．keeping ideas to herself
C．telling everyone her bright ideasD．agreeing with others? ideas
9. It?s not easy to organize such a party，．
A．every dog has his day B．every tide has its ebb
C．a clear conscience is a sure cardD．one man?s meat is another?s poison．
10. ．
A．If too many people try to do, the same thing at the same time，chaos will reign．
B．Empty—headed persons are always the most talkative and noisy．
C．There must be something better after every piece of unpleasantness．
D．When two adversaries are of equal strength of character，the contest of wills is certain to be long and hard-fought．
11. Which of the following statements are true of collectivist culture?
A．Disclosure of private feeling is distasteful．
B．People are suspicious of outsiders．
C．Uniformity is not highly thought of．
D．There is a positive attitude about words of disagreement．
12. I can?t stand listening to jazz．It?s jus
A．a storm in a tea cupB．not my cup of tea
C．not for all the tea in China D．a cuppa
13. Which one in the following expressions is Not True?
A．as strong as a horse． B．as happy as a lark．
C．as wise as a fox．D．as stupid as a goose．
14. Xiao wang was trying his best to explain the Chinese proverb to his
American friend Bob．
A．the donkey?s lip is not suitable to the horse?s mouth
B．1eft right out
C．out in the left field
D．1eft way out
15. The‘ring’
A．FranceB．the U．S．A． C．South AmericaD．Tunisia
16. When the home market is already glutted(超量供应) with wheat, blindly importing wheat A. gilding the lily B. building castles in Spain
C． having a big mouthD. casting pearls before swine . I didn?t want .to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.
A. a white lieB. a green lieC. a gray lieD. a blue Lie A. caught red-handedB. caught black-handed
C. caught white-handedD. caught green-handed A. doing things decisively and with flair
B. always attacking his opponents? weak points aggressively and without mercy
C. honest and frank in his talk
D. boasting
20. I always think I?m a lucky dog. But this deal has turA. terrible mistake B. complete failure
C. lion in the way D. fly in the ointment
21. —Don?t
—I?m sorry. I didn?t mean to offend you.
A. come itB. hit it offC. go bananasD. freak out A. passed away B. relieved himself
C. was not all there D. was in a family way A. as stubborn as a muleB. as stubborn as a cow
C. as stubborn as a gooseD. as stubborn as a duck
24. He tried to answer the teacher?s questions, but he A. was not able to do so
B. gave a totally wrong answer which had no relevance to the teacher?s question
C. could not express himself completely
D. had a soar throat and could not speak
25.
A. Don?t count your chickens before they are hatched.
B. Don?t cross the bridge till you get to it.
C. Don?t change horse in mid-stream.
D. Don?t have too many irons in the fire.
26.In different culture, the ways of thought may differ. Americans are_______, stressing the need for action. However French are ________. playing great weight on careful thought and logic.
A. psychomotor-oriented, affective-oriented
B. psychomotor-oriented, cognitive-oriented
C. affective-oriented, cognitive-oriented
D. affective-oriented, psychomotor-oriented
27. Which one in the following is Not an idiomatic expression?
A. as cunning as a foxB. as wise as a monkey
C. as blind as a bat D. as majestic as a lion
28. We know that the dog is regarded as man?s best friend in the West, but sometimes dogs also
have negative associations, such as " _______ ".
A. A top dog B. Get the dog
C. He worked like a dogD. Lead a dog?s life
29. The‘ring’
A．France B．the U．S．A． C．South AmericaD．Tunisia
30. A. a thing that is rather large and eye-catching
B. a thing that is useless and expensive to maintain
C. a value gift that shouldn?t be given away
D. a thing whose symbolic meaning is profound and far-reaching
31. The uncle encouraged the boy not to be _______ saying that he should fight back the bully.
A. as slippery as an eel B. as timid as a hare
C. as meek as a lamb D. as majestic as a lion A. a thing that is rather large and eye-catching
B. a thing that is useless and expensive to maintain
C. a value gift that shouldn?t be given away
D. a thing whose symbolic meaning is profound and far-reaching
33. As a man with plenty of guts , he is the to this
company which is on the verge of bankruptcy．
A．the great white hope B．the great red hope
C．the great green hope D．the great black hope
34. ．
A．boastingB．imaging C．telling 1ies about D．denying
35. I?m not surprised at the downfall of the President because of the promises he made before he
A．Dutch courage
B．a piece of cake
C．the salt of the earth
D．castles in the air
36． -----These days Mr. Smith looks anxious and restless．What happened? ．
A．badly sickB．dead C．dying D．pregnant
37. “Well，”said the Master，“if you won’t listen to what I say，you and your examination chances．
A．zip my lips of B．wash hands of
C．1ick my boots ofD．sit at my feet of
38. ．
A．1eaving the office with her ideasB．keeping ideas to herself
C．telling everyone her bright ideasD．agreeing with others? ideas
39. He tried to answer the teacher?s questions, but he A. was not able to do so
B. gave a totally wrong answer which had no relevance to the teacher?s question
C. could not express himself completely
D. had a soar throat and could not speak
40.
A. Don?t count your chickens before they are hatched.
B. Don?t cross the bridge till you get to it.
C. Don?t change horse in mid-stream.
D. Don?t have too many irons in the fire.
41.In different culture, the ways of thought may differ. Americans are_______, stressing the need for action. However French are ________. playing great weight on careful thought and logic.
A. psychomotor-oriented, affective-oriented
B. psychomotor-oriented, cognitive-oriented
C. affective-oriented, cognitive-oriented
D. affective-oriented, psychomotor-oriented
42. Which one in the following is Not an idiomatic expression?
A. as cunning as a foxB. as wise as a monkey
C. as blind as a bat D. as majestic as a lion
43. We know that the dog is regarded as man?s best friend in the West, but sometimes dogs also
have negative associations, such as " _______ ".
A. A top dog B. Get the dog
C. He worked like a dogD. Lead a dog?s life
44. The‘ring’
A．France B．the U．S．A． C．South AmericaD．Tunisia
45. What a fabulous car—I?m
A．red with envyB．blue with envy
C．green with envy D．white with envy
46. It is all right to ask some one what their job or position is, but it's not polite to ask them their salary. This is considered a matter in English speaking countries.
A. privateB. secret C. humble D. taboo
47. Peter meets Xiao Wang at the supermarket and says to him: "Morning, Peter!" In this case, the
A. Xiao WangB. PeterC. the supermarket D.“Morning, Peter!"
A. son B. nephew C. uncleD. daughter
49. Chinese students are often surprised at the to one another over trivial things.
A. emergencyB. fluency C. frequency D. adequacy
50. Which of the following is not a stage when one is trying to get used to life in a new country?
A. AdjustmentB. Euphoria C. Admiration D. Depression
51. According to cross-cultural theorists, collectivism and are basic clusters of values and
assumptions.
A. individualism B. independence C. imbalance D. communication
A. Social valuesB. Facial expressions
C. Head movements D. Body contact
53. The American child is nurtured to be , to be able to do whatever he could by himself, ever since he was born.
A. independent B. good-looking C. obedient D. private
A. Sir or MadamB. Mr, Mrs, Miss, or Ms
C. by their first name D. by their last name
A. gratitude B. misunderstanding
C. appreciationD. greediness
56. When we are in a social gathering, we must be aware of the rules and procedures that govern
A. anecdotes B. schema (schemas)
C. gestures D. goals
57. The kin terms used for relatives do not distinguish between A. internal and external B. old and young C. male and female D. maternal and paternal
58. While many women feel it natural to confer with their partners at every turn, many men feel
A. consultation B. commitment C. conclusion D. congratulation
59. “Quit
A. hitting around the trees B. cheating me
C. telling a lie D. avoiding giving me the direct answer A. a dead ratB. a dead chick C. a dead duck D. a dead goose
61. Xiao Wang meets Peter at the airport and says to him: "Morning, Peter!" In this case, the
A. the airportB. PeterC. Xiao WangD. "Morning, Peter!"
62. One way of talking about the different stages in getting used to life in a new country is the distinction of euphoria (极度兴奋的心情), depression,and acceptance.
A. criticismB. admiration C. adjustmentD. shock
A. Sir or MadamB. by their last name
C. by their first name D. Mr, Mrs, Miss, or Ms
64. In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them,, as we say.
A. to go Dutch B. to foot the bill
C. to buy a roundD. to go to Dutch
65. The ring gesture, where you form an “0” by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your
《castles,in,the,air》
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