篇一：长城的英文介绍
Introduction of Great Wall
The Great Wall, like the Pyramids of Egypt, the Taj Mahal (1) in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon (2), is one of the great wonders of the world.
Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces——Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu and two autonomous regions——Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.
Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. when ducal states Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges. Walls, then, were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C., when Qin conquered the other states and unified China, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall. As a matter of fact, a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty(206 BC——1644 BC.), which went to ruin through years of neglect. In the many intervening centuries, succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368——1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today.
The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as
well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors.
The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. There are ramparts, embrasures, peep-holes and apertures for archers on the top, besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain-water off the parapet walk. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven". The view from the top is rewarding, hoverer. The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze.
A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital. This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall. At the approach of enemy troops, smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night. Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications.There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.
Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First Pass Under Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming
general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911)
Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history. Cleft between the snow-capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains, it was on the ancient Silk Road. Zhang Qian, the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty (206
B.C-24 A.D), crossed it on his journey to the western regions. Later, silk flowed to the west through this pass too. The gate-tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship. It has an inner city and an outer city, the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11.7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference. It has two gates, an eastern one and a western one. On each gate sits a tower facing each other. the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers, one for each.Juyongguan, a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia, was built in a 15-kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains. The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century. At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace, which was called the Crossing-Street Dagoba, since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas, built in the Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368). At the bottom of the terrace is a half-octagonal arch gateway, interesting for its wealth of detail: it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls. The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship. such grandiose relics works, with several stones pieced together, are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving. The gate jambs bear a multi-lingual Buddhist sutra, carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit(3), Tibetan, Mongolian, Uigur(4), Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia. Undoubtedly, they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.
As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.
篇二：长城中英文简介
长城修筑的历史悠久，工程雄伟浩大，是世界少有的奇迹。长城东西南北交错，绵延伏于我们伟大祖国辽阔的土地上。它好像一条巨龙，翻越巍巍群山，穿过茫茫草原，跨过浩瀚的沙漠，奔向苍茫的大海。根据历史文献记载，有20多个诸侯国家和封建王朝修筑过长城，若把各个时代修筑的长城加起来，大约有10万里以上。其中秦、汉、明3个朝代所修长城的长度都超过了1万里。现在我国新疆、 甘肃、 宁夏、 陕西、 内蒙古、 山西、河北、北京、 天津、 辽宁、 吉林、 黑龙江、 河南、山东、湖北、湖南等省、市、自治区都有古长城、峰火台的遗迹。其中仅内蒙古自治区的长城就达3万多里。
明朝在“外边”长城之外，还修筑了“内边”长城和“内三关”长城。“内关”长城以北齐所筑为基础，起自内蒙古与山西交界处的偏关以西，东行经雁门关、平型诸关入河北，然后折向东北，经来源、房山、昌平诸县，直达居庸关，然后又由北而东，至怀柔的四海关、与“外边”长城相接，以紫荆关为中心，大致成南北走向。“内三关”长城在很多地方和“内边”长城并行，有些地方两城相隔仅数十里。除此以外，还修筑了大量的“重城”。雁门关一带的“重城”就有24道之多！
长城是我国古代劳动人民创造的奇迹。自秦始皇开始，修筑长城一直是一项大工程。据记载，秦始皇使用了近百万劳动力修筑长城，占全国人口的1/20！当时没有任何机械，除运土、运砖可以用毛驴、山羊能爬山的牲畜外，全部劳动都得靠人力，而工作环境又是崇山峻岭、峭壁深壑。可以想见，没有大量的人群进行艰苦的劳动，是无法完成这项巨大工程的。
万里长城的工程量，据粗略估计，仅以明朝修筑为例，若将其砖石、土方用修筑一道厚1米、高5米的大墙，可环绕地球一周有余。如果用来铺筑一条宽5米、厚35厘米的马路，那就能绕地球三四周了。如果把所有朝代所修的总计10万里来计算，则这道长墙可绕地球十几周，这条马路，可绕地球三四十周。
“因地地形，用险制塞”是修筑长城的一条重要经验，在秦始皇的时候已经把它肯定下来，司马迁把它写入《史记》之中。以后每一个朝代修筑长城都是按照这一原则进行的。凡是修筑关城隘口都是非曲直选择在两山峡谷之间，或是河流转折之处。或是平川往来必经之地，这样既能控制险要，又可节约人力和材料，以达“一夫当关，万夫莫开”的效果。修筑城堡或烽火台也是选择在“四顾要之处”至于修筑城墙，更是充分地利用地地形，如像居庸关、八达岭的长城都有是沿着山岭的脊背修筑，有的地段从城墙外侧看去非常险峻，内侧则甚是平缓，收“易守难攻”之效。在辽宁境内，明代辽东镇的长城有一种叫山险墙、劈山墙的，就是利用悬崖陡壁，稍微把崖壁劈削一下就成为长城 了。还有一些地方完全利用危崖绝壁、江河湖泊作为天然屏障，真可以说是巧夺天工了.长城，作为一顶伟大的工程，成为中华民族的一份宝贵遗产。
The Great Wall constructs history glorious, the project grand is vast, is the world unusual miracle. The Great Wall thing north and south interlock, are continuous bend down on our great motherland vast land. It looks like a great dragon, surmounts lofty hills, passed through the boundless grassland, bridged over the vast desert, rushes to the boundless sea. According to the historical literature record, some more than 20 feudal lords country and the feudal dynasty has constructed the Great Wall, if constructs each time the Great Wall adds, approximately above some 100,000 miles. Qin, the Chinese, the bright 3 dynasty repaired the Great Wall the length all to surpass10, 000 miles. Now province, the city, the autonomous region and so on our country Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan all have the ancient Great Wall, a peak fire vestige. Only
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Great Wall amounts to more than 30,000 miles. Ming Dynasty in "outside" outside Great Wall, but also has constructed"in side" the Great Wall and "in three passes" the Great Wall. "Incloses" Great Wall to build take Northern Qi Dynasty as the foundation, gets up from Inner Mongolian and west of Shanxi Pianguan, travels to the East closes, even Zhu Guau after the wild goose gate the Hebei, then folds to northeast, after the origin, Fang Shan, Changping various counties, the direct link occupies the commonplace pass, then by the north but east, to Huairou's fourcustoms, with "outside" the Great Wall docks, take closes asthe center, approximately becomes the north and south trend. "In threepasses" Great Wall in very many places and "in side" Great Wallparallel, some places two cities are separated by only dozens ofmiles. Except for this, but also has constructed massively "the heavycity". Area the wild goose gate closes "the heavy city" to have 24 tobe many! The Great Wall is the miracle which our country ancient times theworking people created. Starts from Chin Shihhuang, constructs theGreat Wall always is a big project. According to the record, ChinShihhuang used the nearly million labor forces to construct the GreatWall, accounted for the national population 1,/20! At that time didnot have any
machinery, except the earth moving, transported the brickto be allowed to use outside the domestic animal which the donkey, thegoat could climb a mountain, completely worked all must depend on themanpower, but the working conditions also were the high mountaiidge, the cliff . May infer that, not the massive
crowds carryon the difficult work, is unable to complete this huge project. Great Wall's resilience, according to the rough estimate, onlyconstructs take the Ming Dynasty as the example, if its bricks andstones, the folk recipe with constructs together the depth 1 meter,the height 5 meter big walls, may surround an Earth
week to have -odd.If uses for to lay a strip width 5 meter, the depth 35 centimetersstreets, that could circle the Earth three all around. If repairs alldynasty the grand total 100,000 miles calculate, then this
Daoistpriest wall may circle the Earth several weeks, this street, may circle the Earth 340 weeks. "Because of the terrain, fills with the dangerous system" is constructs Great Wall's an important experience, in Chin Shihhuang'stime already affirmed it, Sima Qian reads in it "Shihchi" in. Late reach dynasty will construct Great Wall all is defers to this principle to carry on. Every is constructs Guan Chengai the mouth all rights and wrongs choice between two mountains canyons, perhaps rivers transition place. Perhaps flat country intercourse, both can control like this importadnt, and may save the manpower and the material, reaches "Wan Fumo opens" effect. Constructs the castle or the beacon tower also is the choice in "looks in all
directions wants place" as for to construct the city wall, fully uses the terrain, like the picture occupies the commonplace pass, Badaling's Great Wall all has is constructs along the mountain ridge back, someland sectors looked from the city wall flank is extremely precipitous, the inside then really is gentle, receives "Yi Shounan to attack" the effect. Within the boundaries of Liaoning, the Ming Dynasty distant Dongzhen's
Great Wall has one kind to be called the steep mountainous place wall, to divide the gable, uses the cliff steep cliff, slightly divided truncates becomes the Great Wall. Also has some places completely using the precipitous cliff precipice, the rivers and streams lake took the natural blockade, really may say was wonderful workmanship The Great Wall, took a great project, becomes the Chinese nation a precious inheritance.
篇三：中国名胜-万里长城-简介英文介绍
段落翻译
O-中国名胜-万里长城-简介-4
中文：
长城以其宏伟的建筑和悠久的历史享誉世界，是世界七大奇观之一，1987年被联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）列为世界文化遗产。长城宛若一条巨龙，蜿蜒曲折，横跨沙漠、草原（grassland）、群山、高原（plateau），从东至西绵延约6700公里。长城是古代中国在不同时期为抵御塞北游牧（nomadic）民族侵袭而修筑的军事工程，体现了中国古代人民的智慧，也是中华民族坚毅、勤奋的象征。
语言要点：
magnificent; world cultural heritage; wind up and down; defend against; embody; serve as
译文：
The Great Wall is internationally known forits magnificent architecture andlong history. Asone of the seven wonders in the world, it was listedasa world cultural heritage byUNESCO in1987.Just like a huge dragon, the Great Wall winds up and down across deserts, grasslands, mountains and plateaus, stretching approximately 6700 kilometersfrom east to west. The Great Wall is a military project built to defend against northern nomadic invaders during different periods of time in ancient China. It embodies the wisdom of ancient Chinese people and serves as a symbol of their persistence and diligence as well.
《长城用英语怎么写》
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