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掌握知识英语怎么说

时间:2017-05-05 06:28 来源:免费论文网

篇一:英语基础知识学习,掌握这16课时就够了!

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篇二:英语知识:英语中数字“0”如何读

英语中数字“0”如何读

How to say zero in English is very important to avoid misunderstandings. As a non-native speaker, you might say the figure zero as a plain zero which is absolutely fine, but often an English native speaker will use a number of ways to say zero depending on where they are from. So understanding what they mean is important.

0 is zero and in British English, it’s sometimes known as nought.

In telephone numbers, room numbers, bus numbers and dates (years), we say oh.

The meeting is in Room 502 (five oh two).

You need to take Bus 205 (two oh five).

She was born in 1907 (nineteen oh seven).

My telephone number is 07781 020 560 (oh double seven eight one oh two oh five six oh OR zero seven seven eight one zero two zero five six zero).

For football scores we say nil: ‘The score was three nil (3-0) to Barcelona’. American English uses various words for sports scores: The Yankees are winning three nothing/ three zero/ three zip.

The decimal point (Notice that in English we say decimal point, and not a dot as in internet addresses). In British English, zero and nought are used before and after a decimal point.

Oh can be used after the decimal point.

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比如:

0.05就是“ zero point zero five” 或者“nought point nought five”

0.5% 就是“ zero point five percent ”或者“ nought point five percent” 0.501 就是“zero point five zero one”或者“ nought point five nought one”或者“nought/zero point five oh one”

Try saying the following:

1. Can I have my bill please? I’m in Room 204.

2. The exact figure is 0.002.

3. Can you get back to me on 0208 775 3001.

4. Look, it’s less than 0.0001! Let’s not worry about it.

5. 0.75% won’t make a lot of difference.

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篇三:英语翻译中语法知识

2.3.1.2词义的翻译

词义的确定实际上是理解过程,作为翻译,这还不够,还需要翻译表达出来。翻译表达时最容易犯的错误就是过分依赖词典,往往不顾词所处的上下文和语境,将词典意义生搬硬套到译文中;或者削足适履,词不达意;或者不查词典,望文生义。这些都会造成词义走样,表达不畅。所以在翻译时,要考虑到词所处的语言语境意义和文化语境意义,或引申、或解释、或套用、或褒或贬、或敬或谦、或俗或雅,以达到词义准确,表达地道。

1.词义的引申

(1)具体引申为抽象:将具体事物或形象引申为该事物或形象所

代表的属性和特征。例如:

23There is mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of ○

theimperialists.

帝国主义的本性既残暴又狡猾。

24Every life has its roses and thorns. ○

每个人的生活都有苦有甜。

25Hey knows he can depend on his family,rain or shine. ○

亨利知道不论境遇如何,他都可以把家庭作为靠山。

(2)抽象引申为具体:用抽象的概念或属性表示相联系的具体事

物。例如:

26The movie actor was quite a phenomenon in show business circle. ○

那个电影演员在演艺界成了风靡一时的人物。

27The Great Wall is a must for most foreign visitors to Beijing. ○

对于大多数外国人来说,长城是必不可少的游览项目。

2。词义的褒贬

词语有褒贬之分?原文的用词是褒义,那译文无疑要用褒义,反之亦然。但有时,原文用的是中性词,泽者要根据译文的语境和交际目的,推敲其褒义或贬义,然后选用相应色彩的词语译出。 2.词义的褒贬词语褒贬之分?原文的用词是褒义,那译文无疑要用褒义,反之亦然。但有时,原文用的是中性词,泽者要根据译文的语境和交际目的,推敲其褒义或贬义,然后选用相应色彩的词语译出。

(1)词义本身含褒贬意义,译时相应译出。例如:

28He is a politician,but not a statesman. ○

他是一个政客,而非政治家。

29Hey keeps boasting that he has talked to the President. ○

亨利总是吹嘘说他曾和总统谈过话。

(2)原文词义中性,译时根据需要选用褒义词或贬义词。例如:

30It was the ambition for fame and gain that ruined him. ○

正是追名逐利的野心毁了他的一生。(贬义)

31Her ambition is to become a professional model. ○

她的抱负就是成为一名职业模特。(褒义)

32He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds. ○

他欺骗了我,使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。(贬义)

○33Deeds are better than words when people need help.

在需要帮助时,行动胜于言语。(中性)

34Those veterans have made a great contribution to the liberatior of the country ○

and their deeds will go down in history.

这些老兵为国家的解放作出了巨大的贡献,他们的功绩将载入史册。(褒义)

3.移植译法

移植译法一般适用于语言缺项或文化缺项的词语翻译。一般刚出现的一些新的英语科技词汇在汉语里一时找不到相对应的词语,所以直接将它们移植到汉语里,成为汉语的新词汇。移植有两种方式,一种是字面直译,一种是音译。例如:

(1)直译:

microwave微波炉 menu菜单

blue tooth蓝牙 gold collar金领

(2)音译:

hacker黑客 intemet因特网

clone克隆 bingo宾果

4.释义译法

释义译法也是处理语言缺项或文化缺项的一种方法。不同于移植译法的是移植译法最终还是通过直译和音译找到了可以替代的词语,而释义译法却最终未能找着对应的概念,只好将原词所含的意义解释出来。这是不得已而为之的一种权宜之计。如果今后找到了相对应的概念,应该还是用诃泽出为好。例如:

blood heat人体的正常温度

redshirt指美国在校学习而体育运动很棒的大学生,因为这些学正通常身穿红色运动衫。

red brick指英国较新的大学,与牛津和剑桥等古老大学不同,此类大学的房子多用红砖建筑。

hot bed指原欧洲原来有些贫穷的工人两人共享一张床,白天上班的人晚上睡,晚上上班的人白天睡,床上总是热的。

以上四例如果用音译或者直译显然是行不通的。音译怪模怪样,直译则不知所云。

5.套用译法

套用译法是指原文的词语可以在译语里找到相对应现成的词语,虽然表层结构有所改变,但深层意义却传达得栩栩如生,清楚明白。成语翻译多用套用译法,一般改变喻体形象。例如:

to laugh off one’s head笑掉大牙

to shed crocodi1e tears猫哭耗子,假慈悲

to be out at elbows近在咫尺

willul blindness装聋作哑

6.象形译法

英语虽然是拼音文字,但也常利用字母的形状或形状描述来表达一些事物。在这种情况下,译文要根据需要采取“象译”或“形译”。“象译”是指根据所指物体的形象来译;“形译”是指根据字母的形状来译。例如:

(1)象译:

V-neck鸡心领 A-tent伞形帐篷

H-beam工字梁 Cross bit十字钻头

V—belt三角皮带 twist drill麻花钻

Y-gun双关枪

(2)形译:

T—Shint T恤衫 X—ray X光

y一ray y射线 L—electron L层电子

2.3.2 词类转换法

由于英汉两种语言的词法有所不同,词的功能也有区别,所以往往某一词类的词在原文中所承担的语法功能要在译文中进行转换才才能获得同样的意义。所谓词类转换法,是指在翻译时原文中的词类不一定要译成译文中的同一词类,为了保持原文的思想和表达上的通顺流畅,原文中的有些词类是可以根据需要转变的。

2.3.2.1 转换成动词

1.名词一动词

①The study of a foreign language is not an easy job.It needs as iduousness and perseverance.

学习外语不是一件容易的事情,需勤奋刻苦,并持之以恒。

②The sight of the esr accident filled her with great terror.

看到车祸使她惊恐万状。

③She is a good singer in OHF school.

在学校里她唱歌唱得很好。

2.介词一动词

④Party officials worked long hours on meagre food,in cold aves,by dim lamps.

党的干部每天长时间工作,吃的是粗茶淡饭,住的是冰冷的窑

洞,点的是昏暗的油灯。

⑤Tom rail away and skimmed over the lawn,up the path,up

the steps,across the veranda,and into the porch.

汤姆转身就跑了。他蹦蹦跳跳地越过草坪,跑上小径,跨上台阶,

穿过凉台,进入门厅。

⑥Carlisle Street runs weatward,across a great black bridge,down a hill and up again,by little shops and meat—markets,past single—storied homes,untilsuddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.

卡列斯尔大街往西伸展,越过一座黑色大桥,爬下山岗又爬了上去,经过许多小铺和肉市,又经过一些平房,然后冲着一大片绿色草地中止了。

3.形容词-动词

①Both of the substances are soluble in water.

两种物质都溶解于水。

⑧In those years the Republicans were in.

那些年是共和党执政。

⑨Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.

医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。

注:英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词,在连系动词后作表语用时,往往可转译成汉语动词。常见的这类形容词有:

confident,certain,careful,cautious,angry,sure;ignorant,afraid,doubt-ful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anx-ious,grateful,able等。

4。副词-动词

⑩The meeting WaS over and the pupils rushed out of the classroom.

会议一结束,孩子们便冲出了教室。

⑩She opened the window to let fresh air in.

她把窗户打开,让新鲜空气进来。

⑩As she ran out of the office,she forget to have her hat on.

她跑出办公室时,忘了戴上帽子。

2.3.2.2 转换成名词

1.动词-名词

13 To them,he personified the absolute power. ○

在他们看来,他就是绝对权力的化身。

14me of them were already planning to stafF a new govenment. ○

他们中间有些人已经在为新政府计划人事安排了。

15chmaterial are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to ○

wear.

这些材料的特点是绝缘性好、耐磨性强。

2.形容词-名词

16They did their best to keep the sick and the wounded. ○

他们尽最大的努力帮助伤病员。

17Stevenson was eloquent and elegant-but soft. ○

史蒂文森有口才、有风度。但很软弱。

18e Wilde family were teligious. ○

王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。

3.代词-名词

19 The result of this experiment is much better than those of previous ones. ○

这次的试验结果比前几次的结果要好得多。

20 dio waves are similar to light waves except that their wave—length is ○

much greater.

无限电波与光波相似,但无线电波的波长要长得多。

21The girls in your class are much more active than those in our lass. ○

你们班的女生比我们班的女生活跃多了。

4.副词-名词

22 The old man is physically weak but mentally sound. ○

那位老人身体虽弱(欠佳),但精神尚好(矍铄)。

23They have not done so well ideologically,however,as organizationally. ○

但是,他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。

24Our school must enable everyone who receives an education to ○

evelop morally,intellectually,physically and aesthetically in a harmonious way.

我们的学校应该使学生的德育、智育、体育和美育得到全面、协调的发展。

2.3.2.3 转换成形容词

1.名词-形容词

25 The blockade was a success. ○

封锁很成功。

26 11 not go to that beast of a place. ○

我再也不到那个鬼地方去了。

27She is only a chit of a girl. ○

她还只是一个黄毛丫头。

注:句26和句27运用了一种短语:n.1+ of +n.2在这个短语中of前的名词1变成形容词修饰of后的名词2以示强调。刚好与一般的修饰情况相反,即of后的名词2作为形容词修饰of前的名词1。

2.副词-形容词

28 It is demonstrated that gases are perfectly elastic. ○

人们已经证实,气体具有理想的弹性。

29 “I suppose boys think differently from girls.”he said. ○

“我想男孩子的思维方式与女孩子是不一样的。”他说。

30 The committee had prepared meticulously for this plan. ○

委员会为这个计划做了十分周密的准备。


掌握知识英语怎么说
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