篇一：高考虚拟语气用法详解
高考虚拟语气用法详解
一·语气概述
和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。
eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述
eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反）
②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
③If I were to / should do it ,I would do it in different way .如果我做这件事，我将用不同的方法做。（与将来事实相反）
注意:在非正式文体中，如果If 条件句中有助动词were ,should ,had 可将其提于主语之前（位于句首），再把If省掉，即形成部分倒装。
子会大笑起来的。
②Given more time and money ,he could have done it better than what it is .如果给更多的时间和钱的话，他会把事情做得比现在更好。
D. If only...引导的条件句（常用感叹的形式）表示强烈的不满，遗憾或愿望，主句常省略，意为：“要是/如果......该多好啊/就好了！”。
用法：从句用did表示与现在事实相反；用would/could/ might do表示与将来事实相反；用had done表示与过去事实相反。（注意：“only if ...”意为：“只
要......”，位于句首时采用部分倒装。）
结构简图：
eg：①If only I could see him once more ! 我要是再见到他就好了！
②If only we had telephoned him in advance !要是事先给他打个电话就好了！ E. Suppose/Supposing /providing/provided (that)...,what if...等某些特殊的连词后引导的条件句中（有时无主句），表示与现在或将来事实相反用did；表示与过去相反用had done 。
eg：①Suppose/Supposing (that) we told her the truth .假定我们把事情的真相告诉她。 ②What if you came tomorrow instead of today . 如果我是你明天来而不是今天来呢？
四·名词性从句中的虚拟语气
即主句含有:建议、命令、请求、要求、愿望、主张等意思时，后面的从句用(should)+V原/should have done的形式。但注意，若从句中含有”竟然，惊讶，诧异”之意时，”should”则不可以省。
特殊用法：
⑴ . wish用法如下：
1． 表示与现在相反的愿望:
主语 + wish (that)...did (were)...
2． 表示与过去相反的愿望:
主语 + wish (that)...had done...
(注意：如果wish在表达对过去情况的虚拟而不是未实现的愿望时，有时也可用:主语 + wish (that)...would/could have done)。
3． 表示与将来相反的愿望：
主语 + wish (that)... could/would/might do
⑵ . suggest (that) +
虚拟(意为：建议) 陈述(意为：表明、暗示、认为)
③在谈论将来情形时用: would (could/might)+do
B. in case ,lest ,for fear that 表“以防，以免”等引导的目的状语中的虚拟语气，其后的形式为: (should)+V原 (但注意 ,in case 句中的should通常不省)。若不用虚拟也可用陈述，即用:一般现在时或过去时。
C. even if/though “即使，纵然，虽然”
虚拟
:同if用法相同 (方法:主句含有情态动词的过去式)。
陈述:表示真实情况。
六·形容词性从句中的虚拟语气
④含一种:①含蓄虚拟语气(情+have done/do)。②名词性从句(除wish外)与表”以防”意义的条件句中的虚拟一样(should+V原)。
Yuri.Phang
篇二：教案 虚拟语气用法详解
虚拟语气用法详解
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
同if虚拟相同的情况：
If
even if / even though
But / but for / without / or / otherwise
一、条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例
(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he ___________________(come ) here, he ________ (tell) us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he ________ free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he _________(study) at this school, he _______________( know )you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I ____________(get) there earlier, I ____________________(meet) Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题
(1) 在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如：
要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时(混合虚拟或错综虚拟），须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了
If they _____________( inform) us, we ________________( not come) here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
例题：It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox
Library in my hometown.
A.wouldn’t have fallenB.had not fallen
C.should fall D.were to fall
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：
If he _______ free today, we _________________(send) him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：
If he _______________(work) hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，已进了办公室了。
(3) 部分倒装：当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
例题：__________ about computers, we would have hired him to work here.
A If he learntB Were he learn C He should D Had he learnt
(4) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。
②省略主句
If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。
二、. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，用虚拟语气，与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即是他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 及时华佗再世也就不了他。
三、以But / but for / without/ or / otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如：
I ___________________(come) to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
例题：Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you.
A.can manageB.could have managed
C.could managedD.can have managed
从句用should + do 的情况：
1. 表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的动词后接的宾语从句及名词后接的名词性从句
2. for fear that, in case, lest
3. It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do
一、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 当谓语动词是表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的动词时，后所接的宾语从句应用虚拟语气
从句谓语动词用： should + do should可以省略
一、坚持 insist (坚决要求)
二、命令 order command
三、建议 suggest advise propose(recommend推荐)
四、 要求 require request demand desire
The teacher advised that every minute__________________ (make) good use of here.
当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如： Tom insisted that he _____________________(not steal) the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。
二、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气
表示“请求、要求、命令、建议”等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，从句都须用虚拟语气。 其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 动词原形。如：
We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助
He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告诉了我们他的想法：他想上大学。
His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。
Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂。
三、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在表达“惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此”等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气。
其虚拟语其的结构为： should + 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。
句型：
(1) It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural …that…
(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder…. that…
(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /…. that …
(4) It worries me that…
如：
It is important that we should do well in our lessons first.
It is a pity that we should not meet last night.
例题：—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York？
—I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to.
A.will not be sent；that B.not be sent；that
C.should not be sent；what D.should not send；what
四、 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形，并且 should不能省略 。 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。
五、定语从句中的虚拟语气
结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do “是该做某事的时候了”如：
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
六、 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气
amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
① should + 原形动词(指现在或将来)。如：
He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。
I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。
② should + 完成式, 指过去。如：
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。
I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊，父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情
2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。
其虚拟语气的结构为： should + 原形动词。如：
Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎？
Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest?你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名？
与wish 相同的情况：
1. Wish
2. as if, as though
3. would rather，would sooner，would prefer，would (just) as soon ，had rather,
4.if only
一、英语中，wish后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
例如：
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。
二、 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
例如：
They began to talk warmly as if they ___________________(know) each other for long.
三、 英语中，would rather, would sooner，would prefer，would (just) as soon ，had rather, if only 引导的部分与if条件句的从句相同。常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其结构为：
例如：
I’d rather you ______________(see) the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I’d rather you_______________ here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
例题：Look at the trouble I’m in，if only I ______ your advice！
A.followedB.would follow
C.had followedD.should follow
七. 简单句中的虚拟语气
1. 为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。结构常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如：
Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？
You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。
2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如：
May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。
3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。如：
Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。
God bless us. 上帝保佑。
篇三：英语虚拟语气的用法详解
虚拟语气的用法荟萃
一：概念：虚拟语气是指和现实情况相反的假设，是对真实情况的主观臆想或是一种主观愿望。
二：虚拟语气涉及的情况：
1)用在由if引导的非真实条件句中。条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。
A)真实条件句：即条件是可实现的客观事实或者真实情况。
如：If you heat ice, it melts.(融化)
If I make a promise, I keep it.
If we catch the early bus, we will(shall,can, may,)get there by lunch time.
If it is fine tomorrow, we can play basketball.(客观事实)
If it rains, I go to school on foot.
☆B)If 引导的非真实条件句中，即虚拟条件句中。主要涉及到对三种情况的虚拟：对过去的虚拟；对现在的虚拟；对将来的虚拟。谓语动词的时态变化符合“倒退一步法”。
①对过去真实情况的虚拟，或者对过去事实完全相反的假设：
公式：
if? had + V-ed分词（从句）, ? Would（could,might,should） + have+ V-ed分词 ?（主句） 如：If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.
If she 实际上没帮)
If I had made good prepatation, I wouldn't have lost the job.
②对现在真实情况的虚拟，或者对现在真实情况相反的假设：
公式：
If ...+V-过去式(be多用were),...+would/should/could/might + 动词原形 实际上没时间)
③对将来情况相反的假设：
公式：
If 。。。+动词过去式/should +动词原形/were to +动词原形,。。。+would/should/could/might +动词原形
If it should/were to/ rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.(下雨的可能性很小)
※注意：虚拟语气的倒装语序：上述(1),(2),(3)三种时态的虚拟句中,如果if从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.
If I had time, I would have done that yesterday.
==Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday.
If I were you, I would go to the party.
==Were I you, I would go to the party.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home
==Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
2）错综时间if虚拟条件句
通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.
如： If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指一般情况, 主句指过去)
If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在).
If I had bought that ticket last night, I would go to the theater(剧院) with you tomorrow.
3）that从句及其他特殊句型中的虚拟语气：
A)在suggest, order（命令） demand（要求）,request（要求），require（要求）， propose（建议）,move（提议）， command,（指挥） , recommend（推荐）, decide, insist（坚持）, desire（渴望）, urge（督促）等动词后的宾语从句中要用 “ (should) +动词原形” 来表示愿望,建议, 命令,要求等;
注意：由上述动词派生或转化的名词形式，如suggestion, proposal, plan, motion, recommendation, demand, order, desire, request, requirement, insistence, advice, decision , ）等的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式.
如：
B) 在It is/was + 某些形容词 + that 从句的句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即 “should + 动词原形” 。这些形容词有:
important, necessary（必要的）, essential（关键的，及其重要的）, imperative（必需的）, natural, strange, advisable（可取的，明智的）, desirable（可取的）, possible, probable（很可能的）, astonishing（令人震惊的）, surprising, desired, suggested（被建议的）, requested,（被要求的） recommended（被推荐的）, ordered, proposed, decided, obligatory（义不容辞的, 必须的),moved（被提议的）等.
如：
It is necessary/essential/imperative/important that he should be given the chance.
It's ordered that he should come back without delay.(他被命令不许回来迟了。)
It's very essential that we should learn to speak English under the background of economic globalization.
It's advisable that he should take part in the party.
※注意： should + 动词原形(或完成形式)” 可表示惊奇,遗憾,怀疑,不满等。 I. 如： I never expected that the new apartment should be so small.
II. 如： It is a pity that he should be so careless.
III.
Eg. He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.
He walked out of the room quietly lest his mother should notice him.
4）用在wish之后的宾语从句中。
①表示现在的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时，be换成were
I wish I were not at the party.我希望现在自己没在这个晚会上。
②表示过去的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或could have + V.ed
I wish I had studied harder last term.我希望上学期我学习更努力就好了。
③表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，从句谓语用would + V.
I wish he would invite me to the party this weekend.
5)用在It is about(high)time+ that从句中（表示应该做，但还没做）。That从句的谓语用一般过去时，that可省略。如：
It’s high time we went to bed.
6)在would rather, would sooner(宁愿), would just as soon(宁愿)的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词有两种情况：
①表示现在或将来虚拟时，谓语一般都用一般过去时；如：
I would rather you came next week instead of today.
②表示过去虚拟用过去完成时。如；
I would rather that I hadn’t finished the task.
7)在 “as if/ as though” 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词与wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.
如： He works with such enthusiasm（热情） as if he never knew fatigue（疲劳）. 注意：若as if从句表示的是真实情况，则不用虚拟语气，照常用陈述语气。
如：
It seems as if they know each other. (真实情况)
It seems as though it were already spring. (虚拟语气)
8） 用在if only （要是。。。就好了）引起的感叹句中. Eg. If only the driver didn’t drive so fast!要是他没开这么快就好了。 If only I were not so nervous.(紧张的)要是我现在不紧张就好了。
9)用于含蓄条件句。当句中中带有介词如“but for”,"without"表示“要不是”，“否则”等，虚拟语气的使用。如： Without electricity, we would live a boring life.
《虚拟语气详解》
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