篇一：长城英文简介
The Great Wall， like the Pyramids of Egypt， the Taj Mahal（1） in India and the Hanging Garden of Babylon（2）， is one of the great wonders of the world．
Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yalu River in Liaoning Province， the Wall stretches westwards for 12，700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert， thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China． The Wall climbs up and down， twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces－－Liaoning， Hebei， Shanxi， Shaanxi， and Gansu－－and two autonomous regions－Ningxia and Inner Mongolia， binding the northern China together．
Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B．C． during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu． Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B．C． when ducal states Yan， Zhao， Wei， and Qin were frequently plundered by the nomadic peoples living north of the Yinshan and Yanshan mountain ranges． Walls， then， were built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments． Later in 221 B．C．， when Qin conquered the other states and unified China， Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the connection of these individual walls and further extensions to form the basis of the present great wall． As a matter of fact， a separate outer wall was constructed north of the Yinshan range in the Han Dynasty（206 BC－1644 BC．）， which went to ruin through years of neglect． In the many intervening centuries， succeeding dynasties rebuilt parts of the Wall． The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty （1368－1644） when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks． it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today．
The Great Wall is divided into two sections， the east and west， with Shanxi Province as the dividing line． The west part is a rammed earth construction， about 5．3 meters high on average． In the eastern part， the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well， but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks． The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu， not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors．
The Wall of those sections is 7．8 meters high and 6．5 meters wide at its base， narrowing to 5．8 meters on the ramparts， wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast． There are ramparts， embrasures， peep－holes and apertures for archers on the top， besides gutters with gargoyles to drain rain－water off the parapet walk． Two－storied watch－towers are built at approximately
400－meters internals． The top stories of the watch－tower were designed for observing enemy movements， while the first was used for storing grain， fodder， military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers． The highest watch－tower at Badaling standing on a hill－top， is reached only after a steep climb， like "climbing a ladder to heaven"． The view from the top is rewarding， hoverer． The Wall follows the contour of mountains that rise one behind the other until they finally fade and merge with distant haze．
A signal system formerly existed that served to communicate military information to the dynastic capital． This consisted of beacon towers on the Wall itself and on mountain tops within sight of the Wall． At the approach of enemy troops， smoke signals gave the alarm from the beacon towers in the daytime and bonfire did this at night． Emergency signals could be relayed to the capital from distant places within a few hour long before the invention of anything like modern communications．
There stand 14 major passes （Guan， in Chinese） at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall， the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan． Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan， about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing．
Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" （The First Pass Under Heaven）， Shanghaiguan Pass is situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast． It had been， therefore， a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here． It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to suppress the peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus， leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty．（1644－1911）
Jiayuguan Pass was not so much as the "Strategic pass Under the Heaven" as an important communication center in Chinese history． Cleft between the snow－capped Qilian Mountains and the rolling Mazong Mountains， it was on the ancient Silk Road． Zhang Qian， the first envoy of Emperor Wu Di of the Western Han dynasty （206 B．C－24 A．D）， crossed it on his journey to the western regions． Later， silk flowed to the west through this pass too． The gate－tower of Jiayuguan is an attractive building of excellent workmanship． It has an inner city and an outer city， the former square in shape and surrounded by a wall 11．7 meters high and 730 meters in circumference． It has two gates， an eastern one and a western one． On each gate sits a tower facing each other． the four corners of the wall are occupied by four watch towers， one for each．
Juyongguan， a gateway to ancient Beijing from Inner Mongolia， was built in a 15－kilometer long ravine flanked by mountains． The cavalrymen of Genghis Khan swept through it in the 13th century． At the center of the pass is a white marble platform named the Cloud terrace， which was called the Crossing－Street Dagoba， since its narrow arch spanned the main street of the pass and on the top of the terrace there used to be three stone dagobas， built in the Yuan Daynasty（1206－1368）． At the bottom of the terrace is a half－octagonal arch gateway， interesting for its wealth of detail： it is decorated with splendid images of Buddha and four celestial guardians carved on the walls． The vividness of their expressions is matched by the exquisite workmanship． such grandiose relics works， with several stones pieced together， are rarely seen in ancient Chinese carving． The gate jambs bear a multi－lingual Buddhist sutra， carved some 600 years ago in Sanskrit（3）， Tibetan， Mongolian， Uigur（4）， Han Chinese and the language of Western Xia． Undoubtedly， they are valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages．As a cultural heritage， the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world． The Venice charter says： "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works， but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations， significant social developments or historical events．" The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture， and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world． In 1987， the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site．
篇二：长城 中英文
万里长城
09英译 邓丽妮
万里长城全场6700公里，从东至西横跨五省。它的出现好似一条长而盘旋的龙。蜿蜒于沙漠、草地、高山之间。当时人们将所有可以利用的材料。泥土和芦苇等混合制成最优质的砖块用语建造长城。 万里长城已有2000多年的历史，现如今已成为世界知名的伟大奇观之一。尽管长城有些部分已遭到破坏，甚至完全消失，但其宏伟的气势和伟大的意义仍然为世界瞩目。1987年，联合国教科文组织将中国的万里长城纳入闻名于世的世界历史文化遗产名录。
虽然人们无法确定建筑万里长城的精确时间，但是，普遍认为长城建筑与周朝，作为军事堡垒保护国家免受外族侵略。春秋末期（公元前770-476年），各诸侯国都加强防御工作，加紧修筑城墙以确保不受邻国的侵袭。
公元前221年，秦王嬴政统一六国，建立了历史上第一个朝代u，并昭告天下自己为秦始皇。秦朝开辟了中国历史上的第一个朝代，也是万里长城的开端。起初，秦始皇；连接起边境的城墙修筑长城是为了保护北部边境免受侵略。接下来的几个世纪，这一建筑被延续下来并且不断扩充。
大约用了10年的时间完成了长城的延伸和扩充工作，西起临洮（今天甘肃省的东部），东至辽东（今天的辽宁省）。
长城不仅极大地增强了北方边疆的防御力量，而且也是皇朝至高无上的权力的象征。
秦朝以后，长城的领域仍然不断扩充，汉朝的汉武帝鉴于公园前127年、121年和119年与匈奴的三次战争，迫切希望能够维护安定，抵御匈奴，他不断向西延伸长城以保护河西走廊。（位于今天的甘肃省）和新疆地区。
随后，在北魏、北齐和宋代，帝王们也持续不断地扩建和延伸长城。
今天位于北京的长城实际是明代（1369－1644）的长城。它由砖和花岗岩筑造而成，融合了精湛的技艺和设计以及重要的战略意义。明长城起始于鸭绿江(位于今天的辽宁省)，止于甘肃，全长2000公里。
俗话说，不到长城非好汉，如今，长城成了到中国观光的有关的
游客们的必看之地。当登上烽火台遥望这条巨龙时，几乎无人不为之慨叹。几世纪以来，长城作为有力的军事防御力量成功地保护了各朝各代。只有当一个朝代逐渐衰落时，外族的侵略者才有可能成功地入侵。无论是蒙古人（元朝，1271-1368），还是满洲人（清朝,1644-1911）,他们之所以能夺得政权，是因为当时政府的昏庸无能和民不聊生的生活状况，而绝不是因为长城丧失了它的防御功能。
The Great Wall
The Great Wall is 6,700 kilometers in length, running east to west and crossing five provinces. Appearing as a long, serpentine dragon, it winds across lands including deserts, grasslands and even mountains. Every type of material available at the time was used, from mud and reeds, to the finest mortar bricks ever made.
The history of the Great Wall spans more than 2000 years, and it is now considered to be one of the greatest wonders on earth. Though there are sections of the wall that have now fallen into ruin, or that have been completely disappeared, it remains one of the most sought attractions in the entire world due to its majesty as well as its great significance. In 1987, UNESCO listed the Great Wall of China among the prestigious World Heritage Sites.
Though it is not known exactly when the construction of the Great Wall of China began, it is commonly believed that it was built as a military fortification to protect against tribal intrusions across the borders during the Zhou Dynasty. In the late Spring and Autumn Period (770B.C.——476B.C.), the ducal states (诸侯国) extended their defense works and began building “great” structures for prevention of attack from neighboring states.
In 221 B.C., after conquering most of its neighboring states, Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin State declared himself Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of the Qin Dynasty. Thus began the region of the First Emperor of China and the beginning of the Great Wall. Qin Shi Huang began the constructions of the Great Wall by connecting many of existing border walls to protect the northern border of his kingdom from invasion. The construction continued for centuries and employed the work of
millions.
It took about ten years to finish the wall stretched from Lintao （in the eastern part of today’s Gansu Province）in the west to Liaodong (in today’s Liaoning Province) in the east.
The wall not only provided incredible defense in the north of the country, but was a tremendous symbol of the emperor’s might.
After the Qin Dynasty, the Great Wall experienced many extensions. Emperor Wu ( Han Wu Di) of the Han Dynasty wished to maintain safety against the Xiongnu, as they had been at war with the tribe in 127
B.C.,121 B.C. and 119 B.C., so he extended the wall to the west to guard the Hexi Corridor ( now the Gansu Province) as well as the Xinjiang region.
Later, many more constructions and extensions were made to the great wall within the successive Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Sui Dynasty.
Presently, the Great Wall that exists in Beijing is from the Ming Dynasty (1368——1644). It was built from bricks and granite and included greatly sophisticated designs and passes, holding largely strategic importance. The Ming Wall begins from Yalujiang River ( which lies in today’s Liaoning Province) and stretches over 5,000 kilometers to Gansu.
Today, the Wall has become a must-see for every visitor to China. Few can help saying “wow!” when they stand on the top of a beacon tower and look at this giant dragon. For centuries, the wall served succeeding dynasties as an efficient military defense. However, it was only when a dynasty had weakened from within that invaders from the north were able to advance and conquer. Both the Mongols（Yuan Dynasty，1271——1368） and the Manchurians ( Qing Dynasty, 1644——1911) were able to take power because of weakness of the government and poverty of the people but never due to any possibility of weakness of the Wall.
篇三：中国名胜-万里长城-简介英文介绍
段落翻译
O-中国名胜-万里长城-简介-4
中文：
长城以其宏伟的建筑和悠久的历史享誉世界，是世界七大奇观之一，1987年被联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）列为世界文化遗产。长城宛若一条巨龙，蜿蜒曲折，横跨沙漠、草原（grassland）、群山、高原（plateau），从东至西绵延约6700公里。长城是古代中国在不同时期为抵御塞北游牧（nomadic）民族侵袭而修筑的军事工程，体现了中国古代人民的智慧，也是中华民族坚毅、勤奋的象征。
语言要点：
magnificent; world cultural heritage; wind up and down; defend against; embody; serve as
译文：
The Great Wall is internationally known forits magnificent architecture andlong history. Asone of the seven wonders in the world, it was listedasa world cultural heritage byUNESCO in1987.Just like a huge dragon, the Great Wall winds up and down across deserts, grasslands, mountains and plateaus, stretching approximately 6700 kilometersfrom east to west. The Great Wall is a military project built to defend against northern nomadic invaders during different periods of time in ancient China. It embodies the wisdom of ancient Chinese people and serves as a symbol of their persistence and diligence as well.
《长城用英语怎么读》
由：免费论文网互联网用户整理提供,链接地址：
http://m.csmayi.cn/meiwen/27985.html
转载请保留,谢谢!
- 上一篇：关于英语翻译的软件
- 下一篇：公司女生节活动方案