篇一：长江流域简介(英文)
Yangtze River Basin in Brief
The Yangtze River, traversing the West, Middle and East China, is the largest river in the country and the third largest in the world. It occupies the most important strategic position for allocation of water resources to support eco-social sustainable development in China.
1. Natural Status
The mainstrean of the Yangtze River originated from the southwestern side of the snow-Capped Mountain of the Geladandong—the main peak of Tanggula Mountains on the Qinghai and Tibet Plateau, passing through China’s 11 provinces (or autonomous regions or the municipalities directly under the Central Government), including Qinghai, Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu, and finally enters into the East China Sea in Shanghai, with a total length of more than 6300 km and total fall head of more than 5400 m. Its tributaries extended 8 provinces and autonomous regions including Gansu, Sanxi, Henan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Zhejiang. The Yangtze basin involves a catchment area of 1.8 million km2, accounting for 18.75% of China’s total.
The Yangtze River has its source stream from the Tuotuo River, after converging with the south source Dangqu River it is called Tongtian River, and then it is named Jinsha River after merging with the north source Chumar River and joined by Batang River at Yushu, and finally it is named the Yangtze River after joined by Minjiang River at Yibin in Sichuang Province. For the Yangtze River, the reach between Yibin and Yichang is called Chuanjiang River; the reach between Zhicheng and Chenglingji is called Jingjiang River.
With a large water system and numerous tributaries and lakes, the Yangtze River Basin possesses 8 main tributaries with a catchment area of more than 80000 km2, including Yalong River, Minjiang River, Jialing River, Wujiang River, Yuanjiang River, Xiangjiang River, Hanjiang River and Ganjiang River, among them Jialing River is the biggest in terms of area, Minjiang River is the largest in terms of discharge, and Hanjiang River is the longest (Table 1). In addition, there are 4 large fresh water lakes, namely Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake in the Yangtze basin, of which Poyang Lake is the biggest in China (Table 2).
The section upstream of Yichang is known as the upper reaches with a length of 4500 km and a catchment area of 1,000,000 km2. From Yichang to Hukou, the river enters into the middle reach with a length of 950 km and a catchment area of 680,000 km2. The section downstream from Hukou to the estuary is the lower reach with a length of 930 km and a catchment area of 120,000 km2. The upper Yangtze runs through Alps-Ravines with steep slope and rapid flow except in a small section of the source area, the total water head reaches 5100 m, accounting for 95% of the total of the River. The reach from the mouth of Batang River to Yibin is 2300m long with an average slope of 1.37‰; the Tiger-leaping Gorge in downstream of Shigu of Jinsha River is a world famous peculiar gorge, with a length of 17 km, a water head of 170 m, a gorge depth of 2500~3000 m, and a river width of only 30 m in the narrowest part. The reach from Yibin to Chongqing is 370 km long with an average slope of 0.27‰; the reach between Chongqing and Yichang is 660 km long with an average slope of 0.18‰, of which the 192 km reach from Fengjie to Yichang is the famous "Three Gorges" (Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge). Downstream from Yichang, the river flows into the middle-lower alluvial plain with flat topography on both banks, and with an average slope of 0.03‰ between Yichang and Hukou and 0.007‰ for the reach from Hukou to the estuary, of which the part of about 600 km long downstream from Datong in Anhui province belongs to tide influenced reach.
For the terrain of the Yangtze River basin, it is high in west and low in east through China’s three major topographic cascades. The first cascade is composed of the Southern Qinghai Plateau, the Western Sichuan Plateau and the Hengduan mountainous region, with an average elevation of 3500~5000 m. The second cascade is composed of Qinba mountainous region, Sichuan Basin, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the mountainous regions of Hubei and Guizhou provinces, with an average elevation of 500~2000m. The third cascade is composed of Huaiyang mountainous region, the hills in the southern area and the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain, with an average elevation of less than 500m. The terrain of the Yangtze River Basin is complicated, consisting of 84.7% of mountain and hilly land, 11.3% of plain region, and 4% of water surface.
Most of the Yangtze River Basin is situated in the middle-latitude subtropical region with monsoon climate and abundant rainfall. The mean annual precipitation is about 1100 mm, the total volume of water resources is 996 billion m3 accounting for 35.1% of the total in China.. The basin has a theoretical hydropower potential of 277810MW (2433.6 TWh/year), accounting for about 40% of nation’s total; a technically feasible potential of 256270 MW (1187.9 TWh/year), and an economically feasible potential of 228320 MW (1049.8 TWh/year), accounting for 48% and 60% of the nation’s total respectively. 90% of the hydro-energy resources in the Yangtze Basin are concentrated in the upper basin and will mainly be exploited by building large-scale hydropower stations (73% of the total), including 52 large hydropower stations with an installed capacity of more than 1000 MW each, and the largest one ---the Three Gorges Hydropower Station reaches 22400 MW (90 TWh/year). There are 3600 navigable channels in the Yangtze basin, mainly distributed in the middle and lower basin with the inland waterway mileage of 66386 km, accounting for 49.1% of nation’s total. After completion of the Three Gorges Project (TGP), 10000-ton towboats will be able to pass through right up to Chongqing port
The Yangtze basin is rich in aquatic biodiversity, according to investigation, there are more than 370 fish species, of which one third are endemic species, the output of the main commercial fish – ―Four family fishes‖ (Chinese carps) account for 60% of the nation’s total. The Yangtze is also the home of some rare species, of which Chinese river dolphin ( Baiji ) ,Chinese paddlefish, Chinese sturgeon and Yangtze sturgeon are in Class I , while Chinese finless porpoise and Chinese sucker are in Class II on the list of the nation protected species. . In recent years, as a result of increasing human activity, some species are in danger of extinction，the biodiversity has been showing a declining trend in the basin.
The mean annual content of suspended sediment in the Yangtze water is less than 1kg/m3, however, due to the huge runoff, annually more than 486 Mt of sediments are discharged into the sea. In recent years, due to the effect of reservoir formation and soil & water conservation measures implemented the SS content in the Yangtze water and sediment discharge have been reduced significantly (see Table 3).
Table 3 Sediment in the Yangtze River
Catchment Sediment content (kg/m3) Annual average Hydrological area sediment discharge (Mt) 2Station （km） 1956~1979 1980~2000 1956~1979 1980~2000 Yichang
Hankou
Datong 1005501 1488036 1705383 1.17 0.62 0.55 1.10 0.52 0.48 514 426 470.17 486 375 430.42
2 Natural Disasters and Ecology and Environment
The Yangtze Basin is one of the most serious regions suffering flood disasters in China, where rainfalls are concentrated and floods and water-loggings often occur in flood season, especially in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Plain. According to historical records, in last 2000 years from Western Han Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty（206 B.C. to 1911 A.C.）, there were 214 flood
disasters, once every 10 years on average. In 20th century, the floods in 1931, 1935, 1954 and 1998 were the heaviest ones causing severe damage and losses. Moreover, droughts often occur in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan valley and hilly areas in the middle and lower basin.
Due to the huge quantity and good quality, the Yangtze River has been an excellent water source for industrial, agricultural and domestic uses, besides, it is also excellent habitats for aquatic biota. However, along with the population increase and rapid economic growth, the amount of sewage and wastewaters discharged into the Yangtze has been increasing significantly in recent decades, in 2005 the sewage drainage reached 29.64billion tons, of which 20.4billion tons are industrial wastewaters and 9.24 billion tons are domestic sewages, as a result, water quality of the Yangtze has been deteriorating. The main pollutants are NH3-N and organic matters. In general, the water quality in the tributaries is worse than that in the main stream, the water quality in lower reaches is worse than that in the upper reaches, the water quality near riversides is worse than that in the middle stream, and the water quality in city reaches is worse than that in non-city reaches. The eutrophication of lakes in the basin is very common and Taihu Lake, Dian Lake and Chaohu Lake have been listed by the nation as the key lakes to be harnessed.
According to water quality assessment carried out in 2005 on the 30000 km of river reaches in the Yangtze basin, the ratio of polluted river sections reached 27.4%, 8.5% increase compared with that in 1998, and the ratio of polluted water body in provincial boundary exceeded 40%. According to an investigation in 2002, the total near-shore pollution belt length in 21 main city sections reached 655 km, 90 km increase compared with that in 1992. For the 2608 water function zones in the basin, about 25% of them the pollution load has exceeded the permissible assimilative capacity.
The upper region of the Yangtze River is one of the regions suffering the most serious soil and water losses. According to the investigation in 1990, the erosion area reached 62.2×104 km2, accounting for 34.6% of the basin’s total, which are mainly distributed in the upper and middle basin, especially in the upper reaches.
The Yangtze Basin is the main areas infected by schistosomiasis epidemic in China, although it was once effectively controlled in 1960’s, however, it has come back again in recent years. According to the statistics in 2003, it prevailed in 110 counties in the basin including Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces with the snail distribution area of
3.79 billion m2.
3 Socio-economical Status
The Yangtze River Basin involves 19 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), among them, 95% of the territory of Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and Shanghai are within the scope of the basin; and 65% for Guizhou, 35~50% for Shanxi, Anhui and Jiangsu; while for the rest provinces, less than 35% of the territory are within the basin scope.
There are more than 30 nationalities living in the Yangtze Basin, among them, the Han nationality
accounts for more than 95%; the rests are Hui, Miao, Tibetan, Zhuang, Dong, Yi, Tujia and Naxi, etc. mainly inhabiting in the upper Yangtze basin. In 2005, the inhabitants living in the basin reached 429 million, accounting for 32.8% of the China’s total, with a mean density of 238 persons/ km2, 1.8 times of nation’s average.
The Yangtze Basin is mild in climate and fertile in land, and also rich in mineral resources, of which the reserve of 30 minerals exceeds 50% of China’s total; the reserve of Ti V Hg and P account for above 80~90%, and Fe, Pb, Zn, Mo, Au and Ag,etc. account for more than 30% of the nation’s total reserve.
The Yangtze Basin is famous in tourism resources with many unique natural landscapes and cultural relics, including the famous Yangtze Three Gorges, Tiger Leaping Gorge, Huangshan Mountain, Lushan Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain, Emei Mountain, Jiuzhaigou and Zhangjiajie, etc. Since Tang Dynasty, the Yangtze Basin has been the economic center and the birthplace of China's modern industry. In recent years, taking Shanghai and Nanjing as the lower Yangtze center, Wuhan as the middle Yangtze center, and Chongqing, and Chengdu as the upper Yangtze center, three major economic zones have been formed in the Yangtze basin. In 2005, the GDP of the Yangtze Basin reached 5996.7 billion CNY, accounting for 32.8% of nation’s total. However, presently the economic development in the basin is imbalanced, generally developed in the Delta region and relatively backward in the upper basin.
4 Harnessing and Development
Since 1950’s, great achievements have been made in the development and protection of the Yangtze River. Since 1950’s, the Comprehensive Utilization Planning of the Yangtze Basin was compiled by CWRC and approved by the State Council in 1990. 3600 km of embankment along the mainstream (such as Jingjiang Grand Dike) and more than 60,000 km long branch levees in the middle and lower basins have been built and strengthened; the flood diversion and detention areas, such as Jingjiang Flood Detention Area and Dujiatai works, have been constructed, with the flood storage capacity of more than 50 billion m3. After the 1998 heavy floods, the Chinese government invested a huge amount of money to reinforce the trunk dykes along the Yangtze mainstream. Currently, there are about 48,000 reservoirs of different scales in the basin with a total storage capacity of about 160 billion m3. In addition, the effective irrigation has reached 62% of the farmland area in the basin. Up to now, more than 2,440 hydropower stations of various scales have been constructed or under construction in the basin, with a total installed capacity of 69,730 MW and an annual power output of 292.5 TWh, of which 9 stations have a installed capacity exceeding 1000 MW. The Three Gorges Project (TGP) has tremendous benefits in flood control, after completion, it will greatly improve the flood control situations in the middle Yangtze in joint operation with dikes, flood diversion and detention areas and reservoirs. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project (East and Middle routes) is a strategic water project to easy the water shortage in north China, which have been started in 2004 and 2005 and the 1st phase of the project will be completed in 2010. In the Yangtze estuary, the projects to comprehensively harness the estuary and the navigation channel have been underway. Since the beginning of the 21 th century, the protection of ecology and environment of the Yangtze Basin has
篇二：各科研项目资助的英语翻译
不少年轻学者特别是申请到新项目的人，在写英文文章挂资助项目时，有所困难，正好手头上有一些资料，特共享！
黑龙江省自然科学基金资助
Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China
湖北省教育厅重点项目资助
Supported by Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China
河南省杰出青年基金（9911）资助
Supported by Excellent Youth Foundation of He’nan Scientific Committee（项目编号：
河南省教育厅基金资助
Supported by Foundation of He’nan Educational Committee
山西省青年科学基金（项目编号： ）资助
Supported by Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths（项目编号： ）
山西省归国人员基金资助
Supported by Shanxi Province Foundation for Returness
北京市自然科学基金资助
Supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation
上海市科技启明星计划（项目编号： ）资助
Supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds（项目编号： ）
华北电力大学青年科研基金资助
Supported by Youth Foundation of North-China Electric Power University
华中师范大学自然科学基金资助
Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Central China Normal University
东南大学基金（项目编号： ）资助
Supported by Foundation of Southeast of University（项目编号： ）
西南交通大学基础学科研究基金（项目编号： ）资助
Supported by Foundation Sciences Southwest Jiaotong University（项目编号： ）
***科学技术厅科学家交流项目（项目编号： ）
Supported by Japan STA Scientist Exchange Program （项目编号： [/size]
中国科学院基金资助）
Supported by Science Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences
中国科学院九五重大项目（项目编号： ）资助
Supported by Major Subject of The Chinese Academy of Sciences（项目编号： ）
中国科学院院长基金特别资助
Supported by Special Foundation of President of The Chinese Academy of Sciences
中国科学院国际合作局重点项目资助
Supported by Bureau of International Cooperation, The Chinese Academy of Sciences
中国科学院百人计划经费资助
Supported by 100 Talents Programme of The Chinese Academy of Sciences
Supported by One Hundred Person Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences
中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目资助
Supported by Knowledge Innovation Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of The Chinese Academy of Sciences
中国科学院西部之光基金（项目编号： ）资助
Supported by West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences（项目编号： ）
北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室重点课题资助
Supported by BEPC National Laboratory
兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论中心基金资助
Supported by Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou
国家自然科学基金（项目编号： ）资助
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China（项目编号： ）
[Supported by NSFC（项目编号： ）]
国家自然科学基金重大项目资助
Supported by Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (1991483)
国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目（项目编号： ）资助
Supported by Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC（项目编号： ）
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目（项目编号： ）资助 (973计划项目)
Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program（项目编号： ）
Supported by China Ministry of Science and Technology under Contract（项目编号： ） Supported by State Key Development Program of (for) Basic Research of China（项目编
号： ）
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助
Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
国家重大科学工程二期工程基金资助
Supported by National Important Project on Science-Phase Ⅱ of NSRL
国家攀登计划—B课题资助
Supported by National Climb—B Plan
国家杰出青年科学基金资助
Supported by National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar
国家科技部基金资助
Supported by State Commission of Science Technology of China（科委）
Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China
中国博士后科学基金
Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
海峡两岸自然科学基金（项目编号： ）共同资助
Supported by Science Foundation of Two sides of Strait（项目编号： ）
核工业科学基金资助
Supported by Science Foundation of Chinese Nuclear Industry
国家教育部科学基金资助
Supported by Science Foundation of The Chinese Education Commission (教委) Supported by Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China
国家教育部博士点专项基金资助
Supported by Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China
国家教育部回国人员科研启动基金资助
Supported by Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars, Ministry of Education of China
国家教育部优秀青年教师基金资助
Supported by Science Foundation for The Excellent Youth Scholars of Ministry of Education of China
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助
Supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
Supported by Doctoral Program Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of China
国家自然科学基金
中文标注：国家自然科学基金资助 项目批准号********
英标标注：Project ******** （项目批准号）supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China，可缩写为：Project ********* supported by NSFC
2、浙江省自然科学基金
中文标注：浙江省自然科学基金资助项目
英文标注：The Project Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China
3、 教育部高等学校博士学科点专科研基金
中文标注：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题
英文标注：The Research Fund for the Dectoral Program of Higher Education可缩写为：RFDP
4、 教育部高等学校骨干教师资助计划
中文标注：高等学校骨干教师资助计划资助
英文标注：Supported by Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education
5、 教育部霍英东教育基金项目
中文标注：教育部霍英东教育基金资助
6、 教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金
中文标注：教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助
英文标注：The Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry可缩写为:：The Project sponsored by SRF for ROCS, SEM)
7、 教育部优秀青年教师资助计划项目
中文标注：教育部优秀青年教师资助计划项目
英文标注：Supported by the Excellent Young Teachers Porgram of MOE, P.R.C.可缩写为EYTP
8、 教育部跨世纪优秀人才培养计划
中文标注：跨世纪优秀人才培养计划
英文标注：Trans-Century Training Programme Foundation for the Talents by the Ministry of Education
9、 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划
中文标注：新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助
英文标注：Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University（英文缩写“NCET”）
10、教育部长江学者与创新团队发展计划
中文标注：长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助
英文标注：Supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University（缩写为“PCSIRT”）
国家科技部“十一五”科技计划资助项目
国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划） ：The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)
“十一五”国家科技支撑计划（原科技攻关计划）：The National Key Technology R&D Program
国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划） ：The National Basic Research Program (973 Program) 政策引导类科技计划及专项
——星火计划：China Spark Program，科技兴农项目
——火炬计划：Chinatorch Program，高新技术企业项目
——技术创新引导工程：企业创新项目
——国家重点新产品计划：The National New Products Program
——国家软科学研究计划：The National Soft Science Research Program
其他
——国际科技合作计划:International S&T Cooperation Program of China
篇三：汉译英
汉译英
Passage One
生存在功利社会，奔波劳顿，钩心斗角，若想做到从心所欲，难矣哉！人自孩提时代起，求学、谋职、恋爱、成家、立业、功名、财富······几乎无时不在追求，而且总也不能满足。当然，事业上的进取与物欲上的贪婪，是两种截然不同的人生观，或可说是两种内涵迥异的苦乐观。但有一点是共同的，即人生的道路并非平坦的康庄大道，事物的发展往往不以人的意志为转移。与其陶醉在“梦想成真”的幻觉中，莫若在实践中多多磨砺自己，有道是“苍天不负有心人”嘛！即或如此，也未必事事天遂人愿。总之，有追求必有烦恼，这就是生活实际。
In a utilitarian society, where people run about in pursuit of personal gains at the expense of others, it is really difficult to do as you please. Ever since childhood we have been pursuing: going to school, looking for a job, falling in love, getting married, striving for success in career and seeking fame and wealth, but never have we seemed to be contented with ourselves. However, striving for success in career and seeking material profits are two different outlooks or, in other words/if you will, two intrinsically different views on what is hardship and what is happiness. But there is one thing that applies in either case, i.e., life is no plain/smooth sailing, and things go and grow independent of man’s will. One should, instead of indulging in the delusion /cherishing the illusion of “daydreaming”, temper himself in life, as the saying goes, “Heaven does not let down the one that has a will.” Even so, one cannot expect to succeed in everything he undertakes. In short, anyone in pursuit of something is sure to be troubled by something else, and that is the way things are in life.
苍天不负有心人：也可译为Constant effort yields sure success；Where there is a will, there is a way；God helps those who help themselves。
Passage Two
历史的道路，不会是平坦的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。
一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，一泻万里。有时流到很狭窄的境界，两岸丛山迭岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于其间，回环曲折，极其险峻。民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。
人类在历史上生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，应是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。
The course of history is never smooth. It is sometimes beset with difficulties and obstacles and nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them.
A mighty long river sometimes flows through a broad section with plains lying boundless on either side, its waters rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles. Sometimes it comes up against a narrow section flanked by high mountains and steep cliffs, winding through a course with many a perilous twist and turn. A nation, in the course of its development, fares likewise. The historical course of man’s life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is
better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.
TEM-8 （2）
汉译英2：非散文类
Passage One
福娃代表了中国人民的梦想和渴望。它们的原型和头饰蕴含着其与海洋、森林、火、大地和天空的联系，其形象设计应用了中国传统民间艺术的表现形式，展现了中国的灿烂文化。
很久以来，中国就有通过符号传递祝福的传统。每个娃娃都代表着一个美好的祝愿：繁荣、欢乐、激情、健康与好运。娃娃们带着北京的盛情，将祝福带往世界各个角落，邀请各国人民共聚北京，欢庆2008奥运盛典。
The five Tuwa also embody both landscape and the dreams and aspirations of people from every part of the vast country of china.In their origins and their headpieces,you can see the five elements of nature:the sea,forest,fire,earth and sky.These image have used Chinese traditional art to exhibit Chinese splendid cultures.
For a long time, China has the tradition that passing the blessing through symbol Each Fuwa represents a good wishes: prosperity, happiness, passion, health and good luck. With the hospitality of Beijing, Fuwa will deliver the blessing to every corner of the world ,inviting people from different countries to meet in Beijing and to celebrate the 2008 Olympic games.
Passage Two
在探求真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。常常有这样的情形：由于研究的角度不同，认识方法的不同，就会出现“横看成林侧成峰，远近高低各不同”的情况，以至引起学术上的争论。因此，有作为的科学工作者都把反对意见看作对自己的莫大的帮助，把对自己的批评当作最珍贵的友谊。正如歌德所说：“我们赞同的东西使我们处之泰然，我们反对的东西才使我们的思想获得丰产。”这都是因为，赞同的意见未必正确，反对的意见未必错误。退一步说，即使错误的反对意见，对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。 Science means the exploration of truth. In the process of exploring truth, people will have to experience tremendous hardships and difficulties before they can come to understand the objective laws. It is often the case that the differences in the research perspectives, the materials mastered, and the ways of understanding would lead to totally different results—as we might say, ―a mountain becomes a hill when viewed horizontally and a peak when viewed vertically, and it assumes totally different shapes when viewed from a short or a long distance, or from a high or a low position.‖ – and even lead to academic disputes. Therefore, an accomplished scientist would regard opposing arguments as his most tremendous benefit and take others’ criticism of him as the most precious friendship that he can ever obtain. In Gothe’s words, ―We take for granted what we are in favor of. However, only what we are opposed to can eich our thoughts.‖ This is all because the approving opinions are not necessarily justified while the opposing arguments are not necessarily unfounded. To put it in the least way, even the opposing arguments that are mistaken will be immensely beneficial to one’s own scientific research.
一个训练有素的语言学家，可以通过实地调查，把一种非母语方言描写得相当精细准确，但
这并不意味着他就能同样精确准确地使用这个方言。语音方面，学习者也许可以凭个人的天赋模仿得相当接近当地人发音；但词汇语法上的把握就难多了。一旦超出大量重复实践的日常会话范围，就难免有词语搭配不当，句法生硬等毛病出现，生造出许多实际上“不能说”的句子来。这里我们想特别指出的是，19世纪的《圣经》汉译本就有这样的毛病。
在大学期间我曾读到徐志摩翻译哈代的诗，就去找原版诗来读，觉得哈代的诗有独特的魅力，最喜欢哈代的一首题做《The Voice》（《呼唤》）的诗，是他为悼念其前妻逝世而作于1912年12月。我反复诵读，那韵律、那调子凄切而柔和，使人想起招魂的呼唤。这首诗我久已想翻译出来，但两种文字转换时总让我感到还是读原诗为好，好像一译就将原来的诗美破坏了，在我看来，译诗是一件不甚愉快的事。及至年长一些，我才比较客观，认为译诗虽是不得已而求其次，但为使不懂外语的读者能接触外国诗歌，译诗还是必要而有益的，译者功不可没。
In college I read Hardy's poems translated Hsu, went to the original poem to read, think Hardy's poetry has a unique charm, Hardy's favorite theme song for "The Voice" ("call") poem , he was mourning for the death of his ex-wife in December 1912. I repeatedly read, that rhythm, that weeping and soft tone, reminiscent of the call of spiritualism. This poem I had long wanted to translate it, but when the two text conversion always make me feel or read the poem as well, like a translation of the original poem will destroy the United States, in my opinion, is a less Translated pleasant. Until some of the older, more objective I think is a last resort, though Translated seeking Secondly, but do not know a foreign language to make contact with foreign poetry readers, Translated still necessary and useful, the translator can not function
每逢佳节，亲朋相聚。我家先生的朋友、同事来访少不了喝上几杯。每当此时，先生总是将平时珍藏的好酒，拿出来与朋友们品尝共享。
前几年，喝的是50多元一瓶的泸州老窖特曲，最近一次先生拿出了一瓶150多元的剑南春，朋友们仔细检查外包装、内包装后认定这是一瓶真的好酒，有位懂行的朋友说：剑南春这酒价格逐年涨，据说空酒瓶外包装盒有人回收，能卖到20-30元钱。围绕着空瓶如何处理，有的朋友说放在家中当样品陈列，有的朋友说当废品丢掉，我家先生一番高论：我们家喝完的酒瓶，先将外包装扯坏，瓶颈用铁锤敲坏，才当垃圾扔掉，否则让那些造假酒的人拿去装上假酒，说不定哪一天就喝上呢。几位朋友一致赞成，兄弟高见，我们今后也这么做，打架就从这敲碎空酒瓶做起。
On festive occasions relatives and friends always get together. When my husband’s friends or colleagues come to pay a visit, they are bound to have a few drinks. Every time, my husband takes out the good liquor he has treasured up during usual days/before to share with his friends.
Years ago, they drank Luzhoulaojiaotequ Liquor which was ￥50 a bottle. Recently, he took out a bottle of Jiannanchun Liquor that cost more than ￥150. After examining carefully the outer and inner package of the liquor, the friends were sure that it was a genuine and good bottle of liquor. One of the friends who knew the ropes said that the price of Jiannanchun Liquor was increasing year by year and it was alleged that the empty bottles and the outer packages could be recycled at the price of ￥20-30 a set. During the discussion about how to deal with the empty bottles, some friends suggested that they be put on display as samples at home, some suggested that they be thrown away like any other common waste, and my husband had a brilliant idea: in my house, the outer packages would be torn apart and the neck of the bottles would be struck broken with hammer before th
ey were disposed like garbage; otherwise, if the makers of fake liquor were to get their hands on the bottles, then you never knew when you might drink that bogus liquor by chance. The friends all agreed and said to my husband: what a good idea you had! And we would follow suit later; the anti-fakery activities should start with breaking the empty bottles.
实用翻译： 名城的记忆—老街旧行当
百年前的福州，在今日三坊七巷一带形成了古城的文化中心，文人、商贾云集，民间市场交易活跃。千米南后街有25家古旧书店，附近的总督后古玩工艺品市场，是福州这座历史文化名城品味的标志，他名声远播，堪比北京的琉璃厂，吸引了京、津，甚至国外的客商和收藏爱好者。著名的福州脱胎漆器就是从这里生产，走向了世界。它是中国手工艺的一张世界名片。追忆那段历史，我们不得提起一个人的名字—沈绍安，在中华传统工艺美术与西方消费者的互动中，他的沈氏家族为我们留下了一段载入中国美术史的贡献。如今，这些当年的室内陈设或供日用的工艺精品都成为了收藏家追逐的文物，不时在拍卖会上出现他们的身影。
《长江英语怎么说》
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