篇一：2015年6月经济学人(英汉双语对照)
2015年6月《经济学人》中英双语对照
2015-06-01
处于改革浪潮中的庞大机构 政府官员的经验之谈
Reforming Leviathan
处于改革浪潮中的庞大机构
Mandarin lessons
政府官员的经验之谈
Governments need to rethink how they reward and motivate civil servants
政府需要重新思考如何去奖励和提升公务员的工作动力。
THE French call them hauts fonctionnaires, the Germans Beamte im h?heren Dienst and the British, somewhat more economically, know them as “mandarins”. The senior echelons of civil services are a powerful arm of the state. They implement the reforms dreamed up by politicians, and design public services ranging from welfare systems to prisons. Compared with private-sector bosses, the bureaucrats who manage the public sector tend to be less well paid but have more cushioned lives, with more secure jobs and far less pressure to improve productivity. Now the mandarins face change.
法语中称呼他们为官方人员，德语叫做高级公务员，英国则各位简短称呼公务员为政界要员。公务员的高层人员是国家的一个强大的臂膀。他们实现政客对于改革的设想，并构思计划公共服务，涵盖面从福利制度到监狱。与私营部门的老板相比，负责管理公共部门的官员往往不太高薪，但拥有更多的缓冲生活，更安全的工作，对于提高工作效率方面，其承受的压力远不如私营老板。现在的政府高级官员们面临着改变。
There has long been taxpayer fury when big projects go awry. Berlin's new airport is three years overdue and predicted to cost 6 billion (8.1 billion), three times the original estimate. But voters, and thus politicians, are especially intolerant of civil-service inefficiency nowadays. One prompt is austerity. Another is technology, which is changing not only how public services are delivered—think of “massively open online courses” in education—but also the way they can be measured. Social networks enable users to grumble about hospital waiting-times and mathematics results. Perhaps the biggest pressure is the passing of time: private-sector workers are incredulous as to why civil servants should escape the creative destruction that has changed other offices around the world.
长期以来，大项目出差错时纳税人会因而感到十分愤怒。柏林新机场建设已有三年逾期，并且预计耗资60亿欧元（81亿人民币），三倍于原来的预算。但在现今，选民和政客尤其无法忍受公务员服务效率低下。其中一个提示便是紧缩政策。另一个则是技术，这不仅正在改变公共服务的提供方式—思考“大规模开放式在线课程”的教育—但同时也是在思考他们可以被评估的方式。社交网络让用户有机会抱怨医院候诊室漫长的等待时间和自己的数学成绩。或许最大的压力是时间的流逝：私营部门的工作人员对于为何公务员要逃避已经改变了全球政府各部的创造性破坏表示质疑。
The reform of the public sector is a huge project, but people are at the centre of it. Government is a service industry, and there is a basic talent problem. A few civil services—Singapore's is the obvious example—compete with the private sector for the best graduates. But elsewhere even elite departments, such as the US Treasury and Britain's Foreign Office, struggle (or lose high-flyers quickly). The mandarins and their political masters need to change tack.
公共部门的改革是一项庞大的工程，需要以人民为中心。政府是一个服务行业，并且存在一个基本的人才问题。一些民事部门—如新加坡的民事部门就是一个明显的例子—他们能够与私营部门竞争优秀人才。但在其他地方，即使是精英部门，如美国财政部和英国外交部，也同样存在斗争（或很快失去极高报负者）。政府官员和他们的政治领导者需要改变策略。
Too many civil servants, especially in continental Europe, swirl around a bureaucratic Gormenghast but rarely leave it. Nearly four-fifths of German senior public servants have been in public administration for more than two decades. The French state under Franois Hollande is governed by a caste of unsackable functionaries, resistant to reform. One reason many officials become stuck is their generous pension deals: making pensions portable should be a priority. But career structures also must adapt.
太多的公务员，尤其是在欧洲大陆的公务员，他们漩涡在具有官僚政治的古老王国歌门鬼城身旁，但很少会选择离开它。近五分之四的德国高级公务员已经在公共管理中工作超过二十年。整个法国处于奥朗德状态，由固若金汤的社会团体所管辖，他们抵制改革。其中一个原因是，很多官员被慷慨的养老金交易卡住：使得养老金可携带成为一个必须考虑的优先事项。但是，职业结构也必须作出适当改变。
Most civil services still tend to be gerontocracies, where age and seniority are synonymous. New Zealand has dismantled the system of rigid hierarchies and pay-grades that spawned the likes of the phlegmatic Sir Humphrey in the BBC comedy “Yes Minister”. Instead, it appoints departmental chief executives in its ministries, who sign contracts to meet specific targets and can be dismissed if they fail. Singapore's civil servants are frequently sent out to private-sector jobs. Britain has appointed a senior figure from the oil business to run the agency that deals with large-scale state projects. The idea is that private-sector experience in areas such as contract management and negotiation can help avoid disasters like Berlin's airport.
大部分公务员还是倾向于老人统治，这一词是年龄和资历的同义词。新西兰已经剔除了坚硬的等级和付费等级制度，这两种等级产生了类似于冷漠的汉弗莱爵士在BBC喜剧中的台词中“是，首相”这种制度方面的喜好。相反，它任命在其各部委部门的行政首长，负责签订契约，以达到特定的目标，并在他们失败时可以予以取消。新加坡的公务员被频繁地派遣到私营部门就业。英国已任命来自石油行业的资深人物来运行国家大型项目所涉及的机构。我们的想法是，在诸如合同管理和谈判领域私营部门的经验，可以帮助避免像柏林机场所发生的灾难。
All this appeals to right-wing politicians. But the corollary of better performance is higher pay. The British government's chief operating officer announced this week that he is leaving for a lucrative commercial job. Singapore, which runs a far leaner government than America, pays its best people 2m a year. No Republican congressman would tolerate that, which is foolish. The cost of higher salaries is offset by saving money on costly consultants to mop up failing projects.
这一切都吸引了右翼政客。但更好成绩的必然结果是更高的薪水。英国政府的首席营运官在这个星期宣布，他将要胜任一份利润丰厚的商务工作。新加坡，其运行比美国更为精简的政府，付给其最佳胜任者200万美元一年的薪酬。没有共和党议员能够容忍这一点，他们认为这是愚蠢的想法。更高的工资成本是由节约资金成本聘请高昂费用的顾问以扫荡失败的项目而抵消的。
There is one area where less change would be useful. To plan careers, you need a long-term strategy—and democracy throws up change every election. In Britain health-care officials talk about successive “re-disorganisations”. One reason for authoritarian Singapore's success is that its voters have miraculously always chosen the party founded by Lee Kuan Yew since he took control in 1959. Voters elsewhere are less obliging. New Zealand has tried to counter this by boosting the powers of a state-services commissioner, whose duties include one of lasting “stewardship”. That could be a useful model for elsewhere—especially America, where too many senior positions are filled by political appointees (who then take months to get confirmed by Congress). Mandarinates have their faults, but somebody needs to keep Leviathan working.
在有的地方发生更少的变化是有用的。要规划职业生涯，你需要一个长期的战略—民主党在每一次选举中都抛出改变的承诺。在英国，其卫生保健官员谈相继出现的计划混乱。独裁新加坡的成功原因之一是在于它的选民已经奇迹般地始终选择由李光耀在1959年掌权开始创办的一党。其他地方的投票人则没有表现如此殷勤。新西兰一直试图通过提高一个国家的服务专员的权力而抵制这种情况，这些服务专员的职责包括其中之一的持久的“管家”权力。这可能是在其他地方是十分有用的模式—尤其对于美国，在那里太多的高级职位由政治性任命的官员填补了有益的模式（他们需要数月才能通过国会得到证实）。官职有其缺点，但需要有人来维持庞大体系的运作。
2015-06-03
警察与紧缩 下降趋势
The police and austerity
警察与紧缩
Down beat
下降趋势
Budget cuts may not affect crime—but they will change politics
削减预算可能不会影响犯罪—但能改变政治
Good old-fashioned policing
传统治安维持方式
POLICING in England and Wales is in crisis and things are about to get nasty. That, at least, is what the coppers would have you believe. Ahead of the annual conference this week of the Police Federation, the policemen's union, Steve White, its leader, cautioned that budget cuts could mean a move towards more“paramilitary” policing, with officers using water cannons, rubber bullets and tear gas. Theresa May, the home secretary, accused him of scaremongering. Mr White's logic is
certainly fuzzy. But his warnings highlight the deteriorating relations between the police and their traditional allies, the Conservatives.
英格兰和威尔士的警务正处于危机之中，并且情况还会越来越糟。至少警察会让你相信这一点。在本周警察联合会（警察联盟）的年度会议之前，联合会领导人Steve White警告说预算削减意味着更多警察会朝着用高压水枪、橡皮子弹和催泪瓦斯行动这类更加“准军事”的警务发展。内政大臣特里萨·梅指责他是危言耸听。White的逻辑确实有失偏颇。但是他的警告却表明了警察与其传统的盟友保守派关系的恶化。
Police today are warier of heavy tactics than they once were. Chris Donaldson, a retired police officer, was on the streets of Tottenham in 1985, when riots broke out around the Broadwater Farm estate. He was back there in 2011 when disturbances erupted after police shot and killed Mark Duggan, a suspected gang member. Three decades ago, police were far more willing—sometimes overly so—to use force, says Mr Donaldson. In the 1980s, at the height of battles with striking miners, the police “would definitely be instructed to charge at times,” says Peter Neyroud, a former chief constable now at Cambridge University.
如今的警察相较以前在使用战术上更为精妙。1985年当布罗德沃特农场庄园发生暴动时，Chris Donaldson（现在已经退休）就在附近的托特纳姆的街道上。他于2011年又回到那里，当时警察开枪打死一名疑似帮派成员Mark Duggan而引发骚乱。Donaldson说，30年前，警察更愿意——甚至有时过度—使用武力。在20世纪80年代这个矿工罢工的高潮时期，警察“肯定会时常奉命控告”，Peter Neyroud说道，他是前任警察局长，现在在剑桥大学工作。
Today they are more reluctant to use such strategies. Officers try to to contain public disorder with tactics such as kettling, whereby demonstrators are confined to a small area. Rather than leading to paramilitary-style policing, declining ranks of officers could make negotiation between police and protesters more common. Short on numbers, cops policing protests will have to behave even more carefully to avoid precipitating trouble. And tougher tactics are “largely anathema to the British police”, says Tim Newburn, a criminologist at the London School of Economics, with senior officers unconvinced such tactics are effective and certain they are unpopular.
而现在警察都不太愿意使用这样的方式。警察试图用灌壶（把示威者限制在小范围的战术）等策略来制止公共秩序混乱。低级别的警官促成警察和反抗者之间的谈判更为常见，而不是采用准军事风格来维持治安。由于警察数量减少，警察在处理抗议活动时不得不更加小心，以免引起麻烦。英国伦敦经济学院一位犯罪学家Tim Newburn说严格的战术“很大程度上是英国警方的诅咒”，因为高级警官不相信这种策略是行之有效的，也不认为它们是受欢迎的。
Even after the coalition government's cuts of 20% to police budgets, and an 11% fall in officer numbers since 2010, by historical standards there are still a lot of police about. Bobbies are more numerous today than in the mid-1990s, when law-breaking was at its peak.
即使自2010年来，联合政府削减20%的警方预算以及减少11%的警力，按历史标准还有许多政策和预算和警察有关。相比违法的高峰期—20世纪90年代，如今警察的数量还是要多得多。
The police have long resisted reductions to their budgets. But few would have thought the fiercest cuts, harshest criticism and clearest diminution in their political clout would come under the Tories,
so long the party of law and order. With David Cameron, the prime minister, determined to save money and reform what he once called the “last great ueformed public service”, the once-close relationship between the Tories and Britain's law-enforcers has soured.
警察总是抵制削减他们的预算。但是没人想到，最大幅度的削减、最残酷的批评以及警察明显下降的政治影响力会发生在一向重视法律和秩序的保守党执政时期。首相卡梅伦下定决心要节省开支，并且决心改革他曾经称作 “最后一个大型的未被改革的公共服务”，这让保守党与英国警察一度亲密的关系遭到破坏。
2015-06-05
乌克兰的前线 渴望平静
Ukraine's front line
乌克兰的前线
Longing for silence
渴望平静
Diplomacy fails the folk on the edge
外交政策未能使民众满意
A subterranean life
（住在地下的生活）
LYUBA VOEVCHIK lives underground. Her neighbourhood, the Petrovsky district of Donetsk, is close to eastern Ukraine's front line. When shells began landing on her street last summer, she moved to the dank basement of a local cultural centre, where she and her two youngest sons share a narrow bed with faded pink sheets. Frightened and exhausted, Ms Voevchik has not slept at home in nearly a year. The latest ceasefire has provided little solace. “They should hush up,” Ms Voevchik says with a sigh. “They promised.”
LYUBA VOEVCHIK女士住在顿涅茨克的彼得罗夫斯基区的地下室里，邻近乌克兰东部前线。去年夏天，炮弹开始落在她家门口的街道上时，她搬去了当地文化中心潮湿的地下室，在那里，她和她两个年幼的儿子一起睡在一张狭窄的床上，床上铺着褪色了的粉色床单。既惊恐万分又筋疲力尽的VOEVCHIK女士几乎一年没有睡在家里了。最近的停火给她带来了一丝安慰。VOEVCHIK女士叹了口气说道：“他们应该加快速度，他们保证过。”
Those promises were the subject of high-level talks between Russia and America last week. John Kerry, America's secretary of state, conferred with Vladimir Putin, Russia's president. Victoria Nuland, another American envoy, shuttled between Kievand Moscow, urging compliance with the faltering Minsk peace plan.
这些承诺是上周俄罗斯和美国高层谈话的结果。美国国务卿约翰·克里与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京一起商讨此事。另一位美国使者，维多利亚·纽兰，往返于基辅与莫斯科之间，督促他们遵守摇摇欲坠的明斯克和平计划。
But as diplomats keep talking, the guns keep sputtering and civilians like Ms Voevchik keep
篇二：2015经济学人双语阅读
2015经济学人双语阅读
London Fashion Week
WITH its whirl of frocks, models and million-dollar deals London Fashion Week has always been rather a closeted affair, accessible to few. Amateur fashionistas have had to wait for glossy magazines and blogs to tell them what to wear next. But at the second of London's biannual fairs, which ran from September 13th to 17th, that was starting to change. Around half the shows were live-streamed to the internet and TV channels with bulletins broadcast to commuters waiting at underground Tube stops. A free pop-up cinema screened fashion-themed films.
This push to bring Fashion Week to a wider audience is likely to pay off. Though unaffordable to most shoppers, high fashion is the beating heart of high-street retail. More wearable versions of the transparent outfits that entertained audiences in London this month will soon appear in shops up and down the country. In the week following last September's shows, online fashion sales were up 45%, according to Ve Interactive, an e-commerce firm. Caroline Rush, chief executive of the British Fashion Council (BFC), which organises Fashion Week, expects that the digital buzz surrounding the event will push buyers' orders well beyond ￡100m ($160m).
The changes seen at the shows are part of a wider effort to bring a businesslike approach to British fashion. London has long been feted as a breeding ground for brilliant designers. Many of them, including John Galliano and Alexander McQueen, trained at Central St Martins, a college known for turning out skilful originals. But a tendency to focus on art over business has meant
that too many designers have failed to make the most of their critical acclaim. London Fashion
Week has long been seen as the tiddler of the “big four” global shows, overshadowed by the spectacles in Milan, New York and Paris.
The BFC wants to change that. Since 2009, when it appointed Ms Rush (its first full-time chief executive) the council has pushed to make young designers more market savvy and encourage greater investment in fashion. In January it appointed a new chairman, Natalie Massenet, the American creator of Net-a-Porter, an online fashion shop that last year saw sales of 368m, as its chairman. Ms Massenet has said she wants to stop "business" being seen as a dirty word in fashion.
That may not be as far-fetched as it sounds. Britain's fashion business adds about ￡21 billion to GDP. Oxford Economics, a consultancy, reckons that a good chunk of this is retail. But from designing clothes to selling them, fashion employs more people than any other creative industry in Britain. The designer end of clothes making has done especially well, growing 20% a year over the past decade. An increasing number of British designers have set their sights on overseas markets, especially in Asia. Paul Smith, for example, plans to open 20 new stores in China in the next five years. Attracting foreign talent, meanwhile, may soon be made easier with the introduction of a “London visa” for talented designers.
The renaissance of British fashion has been given a boost by some new ambassadors. The “Middleton effect”—a bump in sales attributed to the Duchess of Cambridge's fashion choices—has had a beneficial effect on British brands in America. A new crop of British models, among them Cara Delevingne, bestrides the international catwalk. Now Boris Johnson, the floppy-haired mayor of London, has joined the campaign. At a fashion shoot to promote British menswear this summer he could not remember who designed the suit he was wearing but his words were on message. “London is to the suit”, he said, “as Parma is to the Parmesan cheese”. 翻译：
伦敦时装周
按照以往的惯例，伦敦时装周是裙裾飞扬的大牌成衣、魅惑性感的T台模特和投资上百万美元共同打造出的一场仅为极少数土豪奉上的时尚盛宴，而至于那些不入流的时尚人士则只能从铜版纸装订的时尚杂志和时尚达人的博客中得知下一季的流行趋势。但是从9月13日至17日的这场时装周作为伦敦今年举行的两场中的第二场，则开始有了些许的变化。约有半数的秀场通过网络和电台进行直播，那些想和土豪做朋友的小伙伴们甚至可以在地铁站候车点的公告牌前、影院观影前荧幕弹出的时尚主题短片中观看走秀。
该做法的确为时装周吸引了大批消费受众群体，尽管对多数消费者来说要买的起这些时装至少要卖个肾，但这些高端时尚却是那些他们可以消费得起的高街品牌（如ZARA、BERSHKA或MANGO）的设计源动力。至于在本月秀场上的一系列令台下观众喜大普奔的透视时装将陆续出现在英国小伙伴们生活当中。据电子商务公司龙头企业——Ve Interactive的数据显示，九月时装周后一周的时间内，在线时装交易额同比上涨了45%。负责时装周运行的英国时装理事会（British Fashion Council）首席执行官卡洛琳·拉什（Caroline Rush）推测数字化的环境将推动超过一亿英镑（折合一亿六千万美元）的订单交易生成。
时装秀观看模式的改变是英国时尚产业商业化的一场巨大变革。伦敦向来被誉为是盛产高富帅设计师之地，知名设计师包括John Galliano和Alexander McQueen等，他们均毕业于培养高技术水平设计师的英国圣马丁艺术学院（Central St Martins），但这种艺术形式商业化使得多数设计师都无法正确处理好外界的褒奖，无法从中真正获益。事实上，伦敦时装周一直以来都处于全球四大时装周之末流，与米兰、纽约、巴黎三大巨头的时装盛宴相比，实在太过逊色。
英国时装理事会（BFC）为了改变这一处境，自2009年起任命拉什女士为首位全职首席执行官后，便极力让设计师新秀们敏锐捕捉市场需求并且鼓励他们多多投资时尚事业。而理事会今年一月上任的新任主席—娜塔莉·马斯奈（Natalie Massenet）是全球化奢侈品网上专卖店Net-a-Porter的创办者，该网站去年创下了368,000,000英镑的交易额。马斯奈女士表示受任为该理事会的主席是想改变“商业运作”在时尚圈的恶名。
事实也没有像马斯奈女士所说的那样严重，实际上，英国时尚产业为其国民生产总值增收210亿英镑。作为提供经济顾问机构的牛津经济研究院（Oxford Economics）日前表示该项收入很大程度来源于蓬勃发展的服装零售业。从服装的设计到销售，整个过程相比于其他创造型产业为英国民众提供了更多就业岗位，最为出众的是服装设计师行业，其以每十年20%的增幅不断上涨，越来越多的设计师小伙伴们将目光对准了海外市场，尤其是盛产“大妈”的亚洲。据知名时尚品牌Paul Smith计划，中国在未来五年将陆续迎接其20家专门店的开幕。与此同时，英国或为引进海外人才而对杰出设计师放宽申请“伦敦签证”的政策。（伦敦签证——有才的你，值得拥有~）
英国时尚再卷狂潮，新来的几位大使功不可没。—剑桥公爵夫人（Duchess of Cambridge）的时尚穿衣品味带动了美国发展的英国本土品牌，这就是所谓的“米德尔顿效应”（亦可称“公爵夫人效应”）；英国模特后起之秀中的佼佼者，卡拉·迪瓦伊（Cara Delevingne）也在世界T台上掀起浪潮；而现如今伦敦市长鲍里斯·约翰逊（Boris Johnson）顶着他那头标志性的蓬乱金发也加入到该行列中。在今年夏季召开的一场提升英国男士服装知名度的时装发布会上，这位不知道自己定制西装的设计者姓甚名谁的市长大人却讲出了“伦敦之于西装，恰如帕尔马至于帕马森干酪”。
Urban planning
Cities used to think modern art could save them. Now it's railway stations
IN JANUARY commuters voted Birmingham New Street one of Britain's worst railway stations. Each day nearly 150,000 people move through a structure built for half as many. But by next year it will be transformed, with 400 tonnes of undulating steel cladding and a vaguely eyeball appearance. The station will have “the wow factor”, boasts Sir Albert Bore, the leader of Birmingham city council. It will also show how much attitudes to railway stations have changed.
Railway stations are the chief exception to the rule that Britain invests too little in infrastructure. Of the 17 big termini managed by Network Rail, the owner of Britain's tracks, 11 are being redeveloped or have recently been completed. Five other stations, including Reading and Northampton, are being spruced up by local councils and Network Rail.
Some simply need to be expanded: the number of train journeys has risen by 35% since 2005. But the design of New Street suggests aspirations well beyond more easeful travel. The building would not look out of place in Dubai and is striking, if slightly incongruous, in the grey West Midlands. City planners wanted something monumental, like Grand Central station in New York, says Sir Bernard Zissman, chairman of the independent design panel.
“Twenty or thirty years ago business people were more likely to arrive in a city by car,” explains Jon Neale of Jones Lang LaSalle, a property specialist. Town planners duly carved out motorways and roundabouts to entice them. In 1962 a local politician claimed that a new design for Birmingham, involving an inner ring road, would make it “one of the finest city centres in Europe”.
Cities now measure their appeal by their stations. Businesses cluster around them: at King's Cross, a once-grimy part of north London, a postcode has been created for all the new buildings around the station, which was redeveloped in 2013. John Lewis, an upmarket department store, will open in the mall above New Street (which is indeed called “Grand Central”) along with 60 other shops. The council hopes it will pull in visitors to the city.
Such ambition recalls the stations of the 19th century. Those structures “spoke to the corporate sensibility of a city,” says Tristram Hunt, an MP and historian, by combining commerce with the sheen of civic pride. The first New Street station, built in 1851, had the largest single-span roof in the country at the time. It was torn down by enthusiastic 1960s town planners. Now some of its original lustre may return.
翻译：
今年1月，英国上班族的投票结果显示伯明翰新街火车站是全英最差的火车站。每天都有15万人都要去挤这个容量只有人流量一半的车站上下班。但明年，情况将有所改善—车站将使用400顿的包钢材料，带给人们一种模糊的视觉体验。伯明翰市长Albert Bore夸耀说，这个车站将会使走过路过的人情不自禁的叫出声来，使乘客对火车站的态度实现360度大转弯。
英国向来对基础设施的投资就少，但火车站则是一个例外。英国铁道所有者铁路网管理的17个火车站中，有11个使乘客对火车站的态度实现360度大转弯，还有5个（包括雷丁火车站和北安普顿火车站）由当地政府和铁路局负责翻新修理。
有一些则只需要扩建：自2005年起，搭乘火车旅行的人次上升了35%。但是新街火车站的设计表明，改良的初衷不仅仅是为了实现提供“更舒适的旅行”这一基本目的。这种独特亮眼的建筑出现在迪拜很合适，但是在灰蒙蒙的西米德兰兹郡，就有那么点不合时宜了。城市规划者、独立设计小组主席Bernard Zissman解释说想建一些地标性的建筑物，就像纽约的
中央车站一样。
仲量联行的房地产专家Jon Neale说，二三十年以前，商人们大多数情况下都会坐车，因为城市规划者不失时宜地开发了很多高速公路和环状交叉路口诱惑他们。1962年，一位当地政客称会在伯明翰开始新的城市规划，包括建设一条内环路，使其成为“欧洲最好的市中心之一”。
当今很多城市都用他们的火车站衡量城市魅力。车站附近也建起了商业圈：英国王十字车站曾是北伦敦一个污秽不堪的地方，2013年重建后，所有车站周围的新建筑都被赋予了一个新的邮编。高档百货公司John Lewis将会在新街车站上面开一家商城（命名为“中央车站”）以及60家商店。市政当局希望这会吸引更多游客。
这样宏大的构想让人想起了19世纪的车站。历史学家兼国会议员Tristram Hunt说，那些建筑结合了商业贸易和公民自豪感，向企业家们诉说着城市的点滴与沉淀。1851年修建的第一个新街火车站有那个时代最大的单拱桥屋顶。20世纪60年代，狂热的城市规划者将它拆掉。而现在，那些原先的光辉可能重返。
The art market
The rapid growth of art fairs is changing the way galleries operate
SHORTLY after The Economist went to press, about 25,000 people were expected to turn up at the London Art Fair. Your correspondent visited just before, as 128 white booths were being filled with modern paintings and sculptures. Dealers clutched mobile phones to their ears or gathered in small groups. They seemed nervous—as well they might be. “I can earn a year's living in one fair,” said one harried dealer while stringing up a set of lights.
Before 1999 London had just one regular contemporary art fair, remembers Will Ramsay, boss of the expanding Affordable Art Fair. This year around 20 will be held in Britain, mostly in the capital. Roughly 90 will take place worldwide. The success of larger events such as Frieze, which started in London, has stimulated the growth of smaller fairs specialising in craft work, ceramics and other things. Art14, which started last year, specialises in less well-known international galleries, showing art from Sub-Saharan Africa, South Korea and Hong Kong.
One explanation for the boom is the overall growth of the modern-art market. Four-fifths of all art sold at auction worldwide last year was from the 20th or 21st century, according to Artprice, a database. In November an auction in New York of modern and contemporary art made $691m (￡422m), easily breaking the previous record. As older art becomes harder to buy—much of it is locked up in museums—demand for recent works is rising.
篇三：经济学人双语版
经济学人双语版:动物行为 狡猾的冷血动物
Science and technology科学技术
Animal behaviour动物行为
Cold-blooded cunning狡猾的冷血动物
Reptiles are more intelligent than previously thought
爬行动物的智商比人们之前想象的要高
IT IS no compliment to call someone lizard-brained. The reptilian mind is usually equated in the human one with traits like aggression, dominance and sexual appetite.
如果某人被称为蜥蜴脑，那可不是什么恭维的说话。爬行动物的头脑通常情况下与人脑相同，也具有侵略、支配和性欲的特性。
That analysis was given currency in the 1960s when Paul MacLean theorised that the human brain has three levels, the most basic—both functionally and literally—being the “reptilian” part, composed of structures called basal ganglia.
这种分析在20世纪60年代得到流行，当时保罗?麦克莱恩从理论上推断人脑具有三个层次， 人脑最基本的层次—从功能和字面上理解与"爬行"动物相同，它由基底神经节结构组成。 MacLean's analysis is not much believed now by neuroscientists, but it has stuck in the popular imagination. And it has also, subliminally, affected research. For, until recently, no one had actually thought to ask by experimentation just how intelligent reptiles really are.
麦克莱恩的分析并不为现在的神经学家所认同，但它始终存在于大众的意识中，并一直对科学研究有着潜在的影响。直到最近，人们都没有真正想过要通过实验测得爬行动物的智商到底如何。
That omission has just been corrected by Manuel Leal and Brian Powell of Duke University, in North Carolina—and the result is intriguing. In a paper published in Biology Letters Dr Leal and Dr Powell suggest that lizards are at least as intelligent as tits, a group of birds that has been well examined in this respect.
北卡罗莱纳州杜克大学的Manuel Leal和Brian Powell对这一疏忽进行了纠正—其研究结果激发了人们浓厚的兴趣。Leal博士和Powell博士发表在生物学快报上的论文表明蜥蜴的智商绝对不比山雀低，研究人员在此方面曾对这组鸟类有过很好的研究。
In their study, the two researchers put a species called Anolis evermanni through a triathlon of cognitive tests of the sort used on tits.
在他们的实验中，两名研究人员让一个叫热带树蜥的动物成功通过一个三项全能的认知测试，这种实验曾用于山雀。
First, the reptiles had to learn how to extract a tasty grub from a container. Then, they were taught to associate the grub with a particular colour.
首先，爬行动物必须学会如何从容器中获取甜美的食物。然后教它们如何将食物与一种特定颜色相关联。
Finally, they were taught to dissociate it from that colour and learn that a different colour was the giveaway.
最后教它们将食物与那种颜色脱离联系并学会一种不同颜色代表的是免费美食。
The lizards were able to manage all three tasks with ease—matching the performance of tits in similar tests.
蜥蜴能轻松地完成三项任务—在相同测试中与山雀的表现不分伯仲。
Indeed, in getting at the grubs several of them worked out a form of behaviour never seen in
nature, employing their snouts as levers to lift an obstacle. Having established that lizards are at least as clever as birds at such simple tasks, Dr Leal hopes to go on and explore the evolutionary forces behind lizard intelligence.
实际上，在获取食物之时，有几只蜥蜴表现出的行为方式是在自然界中没出现过的，它们用鼻子作为手段将障碍物移走。在确定了蜥蜴完成简单任务时至少和鸟类同等聪明之后，Leal博士希望将实验进行下去并探索蜥蜴智力背后的进化力量。
He does, however, have a problem—and it is one that might help to explain why, besides phylogenetic prejudice, the lizard mind has not been properly investigated before.
而他的确有一个疑问，这个疑问也许对解释以下问题有所裨益，那就是除去对物种的偏见之外，还有什么原因使得人们之前未展开适当的研究来测定爬行动物的智商。
Tits, being warm-blooded, have to eat a lot and thus have a strong incentive to collaborate with researchers in such experiments. The average lizard, by contrast, is happy to consume a single grub a day. It may therefore be some time before the next paper appears on the subject.
山雀属于温血动物，它必须吃大量的食物以维持身体的能量，这就使它们具有强烈的动机与研究人员配合进行这种实验。相比之下，平均每只蜥蜴一天中只乐意享受一次美食。因此，下一篇与此主题相关的论文可能需要很长时间才能发表。
1.cunning a.狡猾的；有眼光的；精巧的
Many politicians are cunning sophists.
许多政客都是狡猾的诡辩家。
2.compliment n.称赞；恭维
I was embarrassed by their compliment.
对他们的称赞我感到很不安。
3.trait n.特征；特点
They suddenly exhibit a striking new trait.
它们突然呈现出一种新的显著特征。
4.reptilian a.爬虫类的；卑鄙的
The reptilian brain is much like a baby's brain.
爬行动物的脑袋很像婴儿的大脑。
5.subliminally a.下意识的；潜意识的
These little eye movements may also help expose a person's subliminal thoughts.
这种小幅的眼球运动也可能揭露了我们下意识的想法。
《经济学人双语版:楼市,温和战略》
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