篇一：CRI实用英语课堂 Unit 29 About Family I 家庭(上)
Part 1 Traditional & Modern Family 传统与现代家庭
A great many people, when they speak of home, tend to appreciate it with a certain atmosphere, certain physical
surroundings, and certain emotional attitudes with themselves. This sentimentality toward home is something that has come down to us from the past. Many modern people do not have it, and I think it is a good thing that they do not.
In the old days, life was difficult. Enemies could attack you and kill or rob you, and you had little protection against them. People did not live in well-built houses where doors could be locked. They did not have the protection of an organized police force or telephones which could summon the police instantly. How did this influence the way people felt about home? Small family groups clung tightly together for protection against beasts and against other men. Only the braves went
beyond the small family area. Even in the Middle Ages only the most daring went to lands beyond the sea. The human pursuit of security conditioned men to love their homes. I am sure that this feeling must have been very strong among the early settlers of the United States who were obliged, by famine and oppression, to take the plunge and go to the new land where they knew no one and where they were subject to Indian attack. We can see this even today in the attitudes of minority groups who, because of a feeling of insecurity, still preserve cohesive family ties.
Thanks to modern transportation and well-organized societies, thousands of people willingly and eagerly leave the surroundings where they were born, and the oftener they do so, the less sentiment they are likely to have for those
surroundings. How has the meaning of this word “home” been altered by such activity? What does home mean to those people or to families who often move about, living first in one hotel and then another? I believe that for them home means a place where they can have privacy. For them, the atmosphere and surroundings of the place where their parents live have no sentimental attachment.
Families are important to people all over the world although the structure of family is different from one country to another or from the modern family to the traditional one.
Firstly, Let's see what similarities there are between the traditional & modern family. We can say both of them are nuclear
families (with parents & their children as only members), & the role of the father in both types is to provide for his family while the mother takes care of the childre's physical & emotional needs.
Secondly, the differences between the two are also clear. For example, the traditional husband was the head of the household while today's husband & wife share the role; And modern woman works outside the home even after she has children, namely, she's doing two jobs instead of one, so preschool children may go to a child care center or to a baby-sitter regularly (since the mother works).
No matter it is traditional or modern, every family has the sense as following: families offer us a feeling of belonging, of love & security.
家庭是社会的细胞，是组成社会的基本单位。自从家庭诞生以来，人们生活在不同的家庭之中，休养生息，繁衍后代，享受着天伦之乐。
美国作家爱默生曾经说过："家庭是这样一个地方，在一日之中，人们的胃口得到三餐的满足，而人们的心灵却得到千百次的满足。"
许多人在谈到家的时候往往将它和某种氛围、某种自然环境以及某些自我情感联系在一起。这种对家庭的依恋之情古来有之，代代相传。而许多现代人不再有这种情感了。
在遥远的古代，人们的生活十分艰难。那时候，小型家庭群体紧密团结，聚在一起，共同抵御野兽和敌人。只有最勇敢的人才敢离开小小的家族管辖区。甚至在中世纪也只有最勇敢的人才敢飘洋过海。人类对安全的追求决定了人们对家庭的热爱。
现在由于现代化交通设施的出现和社会组织秩序的完善，成千上万的人们愿意并且渴望离开他们的出生地。而且他们离家外出越频繁，他们对出生地的情感可能就越淡。现代人的家庭观念已经慢慢淡化了。这可能也是现代化社会发展的必然趋势吧。 但是无论人们的家庭观念如何变化，家始终是我们最温馨的港湾。在《The Wizard of Oz》，也就是童话小说《绿野仙踪》中小女孩Dorothy不是说过嘛，There's no place like home，没有地方可以像家一样给我们归属感和安全感。
在英语中，home, family和house都可以译为―家‖，但是三个词的侧重点有所不同。 house侧重于―地点、住房‖。一提起house很容易使人联想起房屋中的家具、设备、装饰等，如：we have a computer in the house(我们家里有一台电脑)。 family 侧重于指家庭成员的全体，它强调的是人。family 看作一个整体时，意思是―家庭‖，后面跟单数动词，如把family 看作为―家庭成员‖时，应按复数对待。后面的动词应是复数形式。如：My family are all tall 我们全家人都很高。 home 在三个词中最具有感情色彩，它不仅包括家人共同生活的场所，还包括―
天伦之乐‖―家庭团聚‖的意思，如：It's time to go home 现在该回家了。
我们刚刚说了family这个词在字典里的解释。那你知道family还可以怎样解释吗？family的拼写大家都知道是f-a-m-i-l-y, 那么以这几个字母开头，就有F - father A - and M - mother I - I L - love Y - you，也就是爸爸妈妈我爱你们的意思了，倒是跟family这个词的意义很贴合。
husband和wife也可以按照这样的模式解释，比如，wife就是W - washing； I - ironing ；F - food ；E – entertaining，几个词就概括了一个妻子的功能。husband就可以解释成 H——housing 有房子；U——understanding 有心灵相通；
S——sharing 有分享的喜悦；B——buying 有钱买想要的东西；A——and； 还有N——never 绝对不D——demanding 要求太高。
wife还可以有另一种解释，W----witch 一个美女；I----intelligent 聪明伶俐；F----faithful 忠实；E----everyday 在每一天。
Part 2 Family Members and Family Tree 家庭成员
我们每个人都有很多亲属，那么我们应该怎样用英语来称呼他们呢？father，mother，dad，mom 的意思分别是―父亲‖，―母亲‖，―爸爸‖，―妈妈‖，前两个词为书面语，后两个词是孩子在家对―爸爸‖，―妈妈‖的称呼常用在中语中。还有daddy和mommy也是孩子们最喜欢的称呼语。
称呼还有husband，wife，son，daughter，brother，sister，uncle，aunt，nephew，niece，cousin。在father mother前面加上grand组成 grandmother和grandfather，就是祖父祖母或外公外婆，口语当中常用 grandma grandpa。这里哥哥，弟弟都用brother 来表示，sister可以同时表示姐姐、妹妹，这跟汉语是不同的，一般在西方家庭兄弟姐妹之间都可以直呼其名，那么当你必须说明你和你的兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系时怎么办呢？可以在brother或sister前面加上elder这个词，elder brother 或elder sister，就表示哥哥、姐姐了，或者也可以加上big，这个词也能表示同样的意义。那么在brother 或者sister前面加上younger就可以表示―弟弟、妹妹‖了，就是younger brother，younger sister。
英语中对亲戚的称呼跟中文也是有区别的，结婚以后，双方的直系亲属也就是immediate family就都变成了对方的姻亲in-laws，比如father-in-law就是指岳父或者是公公，mother-in-law指岳母或婆婆，sister-in-law嫂子、弟媳等等，brother-in-law指内兄、内弟、小叔子、姐夫、妹夫等等。一看中英文的对照，就知道英语对亲属的称谓比起中文要简单得多。中文按年龄、男方还是女方的关系等等为亲属冠之以不同的称呼，而西方人似乎不太在乎这位亲戚是父亲这边的(on the father's side)还是母亲那边的(on the mother's side)，一视同仁，给一个称呼。
更有意思的是对distant relatives，也就是―远亲‖的称呼。cousin一词不分男女，概括了所有―堂兄弟和堂姐妹或者表兄弟和表姐妹‖。而―侄子或外甥‖都是nephew；―侄女或外甥女‖则都是"niece"。不过，尽管英语中的称谓不如中文的分工细致, "Blood is thicker than
water"(血浓于水)是东、西方人
都认同的。
那么，既然英语的家庭关系词
汇不难，那我们来听听下面这段
话，看你是否能根据这段话画出
一张family tree。
还是先来解释一下什么是
family tree 吧。family tree顾
名思义就是―家谱图‖，英文解释
为A family tree is a
diagram(表格)of the people
in a family. 就是指家庭成员关系的图解描绘。感兴趣的朋友们可以根据下面这段话自己动手画一画。
听力材料：
Stephanie is the youngest in her family. Her elder brother Mark is married with a son Kevin. Her sister-in-law Rose used to go to the same high school with Stephanie. Her sister Kate married Thomas Hawkins last year and they've just had a baby daughter Millie. Stephanie adores her nephew and niece. Bart and Marie are Stephanie's cousins. They are children of Barbara and Peter. Aunt Barbara is the younger sister of Stephanie's father Gordon. Stephanie's mother Joy had a younger sister Liz who is divorced with a daughter Lily. Both grandparents on
Stephanie's father's side have passed away. But her mother's parents Lucas and Nancy are living not far away from their house.
Part 3 Family Types 家庭类型 Jake: Do you know what an extended family is?
Anne: Yeah. In the past, parents, their children, their children's children used to live together. This kind of family
is known as an extended family.
Jake: What about a nuclear family?
Anne: Nowadays, only two generations, that is to say, parents and children live together.
Jake: How about a single parent family?
Anne: That's a family with only a mother or only a father.
Jake: So what is a blended family?
Anne: When two people who have been married and have children, remarry, and both groups of children live together. Why? You indeed asked me so many questions about family.
Jake: I just want to make a survey of public opinion on family ties.
讲解：
1. 对话中Jake在做一个关于对家庭关系的看法的调查，他问了Anne一些关于家庭类型的问题。那么在对话中出现了几种家庭类型呢？有extended family，就是―大家庭‖，在过去呢，父母和他们的孩子以及孩子的孩子都住在一起，就是那种四世同堂的大家庭，不过随着时代的发展，这种大家庭已经很少了。
篇二：CRI实用英语unit 4-Olympic English(1)
Olympic English (1) 奥运风情 （1）
Part 1 Background Information on Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动简史
The Brief History of the Ancient Olympic Games:
According to legend, the ancient Olympic Games were founded by Heracles (the Roman Hercules), a son of Zeus. Yet the first Olympic Games for which we still have written records were held in 776 BCE (though it is generally believed that the Games had been going on for many years already). At this Olympic Games, a naked runner, Coroebus, won the sole event at the Olympics, the stade - a run of approximately 192 meters (210 yards). This made Coroebus the very first Olympic champion in history. The ancient Olympic Games grew and continued to be played every four years for nearly 1200 years. At ancient Olympic Games, women were not allowed to compete, even to be the spectators.There were fewer events, and only free men who spoke Greek could compete, instead of athletes from any country. Also, the games were always held at Olympia instead of moving around to different sites every time.
In 393 AD, the Roman emperor Theodosius I, a Christian, abolished the Games because of their great influences.
The Brief History of the Ancient Olympic Games:
Approximately 1500 years later, a young Frenchmen named Pierre de Coubertin began their revival. Coubertin is now known as le Rénovateur. Coubertin was a French aristocrat born on January 1, 1863. He was only seven years old when France was overrun by the Germans during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. Some believe that Coubertin attributed the defeat of France not to its military skills but rather to the French soldiers' lack of vigor. After examining the education of the German, British, and American children, Coubertin decided that it was exercise, more specifically sports, that made a well-rounded and vigorous person.
However Coubertin's attempt to get France interested in sports was not met with enthusiasm. Still, Coubertin persisted. In 1892, Coubertin constructed an international committee to organize the Games. Two years later, this committee became the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and Demetrious Vikelas from Greece was selected to be its first president. Athens was chosen for the revival of the Olympic Games and the planning was begun.
Part 2 The Ancient Olympic Games 古代奥运会
Dialogue Script 1 对话原文1
Jason: Annie, it is said you are an Olympic expert. Can you tell me anything about the ancient Olympics?
Annie: Of course. What do you want to know?
Jason: It's origin, fundament, development and abolishment, etc. I am writing an art
icle on it.
Annie: It's original place is Olympia, in Athens. It is a "Holy Land" of sports. The founder of it was a Greek, Yiphitus. It was he who declared to hold the Olympic Games every four years. The first Ancient Olympic Games were held in 776BC. Jason: Were all the participants native Greek?
Annie: Yes, there were only Greek at the beginning. With the development of the Olympics, people came to participate in the
Games from the land and sea of other places. And the sports events were much fewer than now, the time did not last as long as it does now, either.
Jason: Did anybody use stimulants then?
Annie: Yes, somebody did, but not as bad as now. It was a pity that the ancient Olympic Games began to decline after the Roman Empire dominated the ancient Greece. It was abolished in 394 AD. Due to two earthquakes and some battles, Olympia was destroyed completely, and the ancient Olympic Games, which has lasted over a thousand years, disintegrated.
Jason: This was the sorrow of human beings. Annie, you are really an expert. I’ve got it. Thank you very much.
Annie: My pleasure.
讲解:
1. It's origin, fundament, development and abolishment.
古典奥运会的起源、建立、发展、及废除。
2.BC是公元前，是Before Christ的缩写， AD是公元，是Anno Domini的缩写。
3.Stimulants 兴奋剂 use stimulants使用兴奋剂。
4.Olympic Games是一个复数形式，所以在它后面的动词、系动词形式都要一致。
Dialogue Script 2 对话原文2
Joe: The 2004 summer Olympics will be held in Athens, Greece. And you know? Megan: Of course. Athens is a great place, and...
Joe:And the first modern Olympic Games were held there in 1896.
Megan: The ancient Olympic Games also date from there.
Joe: Yes, the first Game happened in 776 BC in Olympia.
Megan: But it has been eiched largely since 1896, when the first modern Games were held in Athens.
Joe: Absolutely. Especially women, you know, no women were allowed to take part in the Games at that time.
Megan: They even had no right to see!
Joe: But in modern Olympics, women play a significant part in it.
Megan: In the ancient times, non-Greek was not allowed to take part in the games.
Joe: but the modern Olympics are international games, and all the countries in the world have right to join it.
Megan: Yes, now the Athens Olympic Committee is making preparations for the 2004 Games. I hope it will be a great success.
Joe: I hope so, too.
讲解：
1.date，动词, 表示从何时开始。The ancient Olympic Games also date from there. 古典奥运会也是从那开始的。
The Athens Olympic Games date from August 13th to August 29th. 雅典奥运会8月13号开始, 8月29号结束.
2.take part in 参加某项活动，比如: Women can take part in the Olympic Games nowadays. 现在女性可以参加奥运会比赛了。
3. play + 形容词+ part in…在某项活动中起到了什么样的作用。Women play a significant part in the modern Olympic Games. 妇女在现代奥运会中发挥了重要的作用。还可以把part换成role。Women play a significant role in the modern Olympic Games.
4.一些关于古典奥运会的精品短句：
The first Games were held in Olympia to celebrate Zeus'victory against his father. 第一次奥运会在奥林匹亚举行是为了纪念宙斯在比武中战胜了他的父亲。（这是关于奥运会起源的传说之一）
No war was allowed until the Games were over.
奥运会结束之前，战争是不允许发生的。
Women, discovered in the ancient Games, would be thrown off a nearby cliff, whether they were spectators or competitors.
在古典奥运会上发现有妇女，无论他们是观众运动员，都将被推下悬崖摔死。
After the festival, winning athletes wore Olympic wreath of wild olive leaves and went back to their hometown.
盛会结束以后，获胜的运动员戴上由野生橄榄叶编成的花环。(象征着希腊人所能赢得的最高荣誉，荣归故里）
The ancient Olympic Games were a symbol of peace and friendship at the beginning.
古奥运一开始就是一个和平和友谊的象征。
The dove and the olive branch become the symbols of peace.
鸽子和橄榄枝成为和平的象征。
Part 3 The Modern Olympic Games 现代奥运会
Dialogue Script 1 对话原文 1
Mark: Shall we take a walk?
Tina: I don't want to go since I'm too full.
Mark: You may live up to 99 years, if you take a walk after meals. That is what you told me before.
Tina: All right, let's go.
Tina: Mark, do you know when the first modern Olympic Games were held?
Mark: Of course, the first modern Olympics were held in Athens in 1896. And Mr. Baron De Coubertin was the father of the
modern Olympics.
Tina: Yes, he made a great contribution to the restoring of the Olympic Games. But I heard at that time women were not allowed to participate in the Games or even watch the Games, is that true?
Mark: Yes, that's true. Women didn't participate in the Olympic Games until the second modern Olympics. Moreover, there were only 295 competitors from 13 countries and areas who participated in 9 events.
Tina: But we know the development of any kind of event has a process to train the audiences.
Mark: I agree with you. At the first Olympic Games, there were only 9 events, but now it has developed into no less than 20.
讲解：
1. 在巴黎举行的第二届现代奥运会上妇女才被允许参赛，而不是第一届雅典奥运会。
2. 俗语: You may live up to 99 years, if you take a walk after meals. 就是我们经常说的“饭后百步走,活到九十九”。
3. 法国贵族顾拜旦是现代奥运会之父，Coubertin was the father of the modern Olympics.
4. 只有来自13个国家和地区的295选手参加了9项比赛, 其规模和影响远没有现在的奥运会大.
Dialogue Script 2 对话原文 2
Annie: Where are you heading for?
David: Take a walk. I just had dinner, and you?
Annie: I'm taking a walk too. I have just watched a game. It was really interesting.
David : Annie, do you know "Olympic Vow"?
Annie: Yes. In fact, the oath was composed by Pierre De Coubertin. At the opening ceremony, an athlete of the host country recites the following, "In the name of al
l competitors, I promise that we will take part in these Olympic Games, respeting and abiding by the rules which govern us, in the true spirit of sportsmanship for the glory of sports and the honor of our teams."
David: Did it start from the 7th Games?
Annie: Yes, Besides taking an oath by the athletes, the flag was raised from that time as well.
David: Ah, yes, I know about the flags. There will be a handing-over and taking-over ceremony in each closing ceremony of the Olympic Games. The mayor of the host city will give the flag to president of the IOC, and president will hand it to the mayor of the next host city.
Annie: But do you know the flag raised at the opening ceremony of the Olympics is only a substitute? The host city treasures it after it receives the flag.
David: Oh, really? I didn't know that. The flag was officially used on June 15, 1914. It was first raised at the celebration congress of the 20th anniversary restoration of the Olympic movement in Paris. Unfortunately, this Olympic flag was burned in the flames of WWI.
Annie: Then where does the flag we use now come from?
David: The flag we use now was made by the Belgium Olympic Committee in 1920 when the Games were held in Antwerp. It was given to the International Olympic Committee as a gift, which has been used since then.
Annie: It was passed down one games after another and it became an "heirloom".
讲解:
1.第七届奥运会有很多特殊的地方。一是由于一战的缘故，第六届奥运会被取消了，而第7届就在一战结束后举行，有纪念意义。二是在这次大会上，首次由主办城市的运动员代表在大会的开幕式上宣誓。
2.host city 主办城市。 host country 主办国。
3. 奥运会的宣誓词是由顾拜旦起草的"In the name of all competitors, I promise that we will take part in these Olympic Games, respeting and abiding by the rules which govern us, in the true spirit of sportsmanship for the glory of sports and the honor of our teams."中文是 “ 我代表全体运动员宣誓，我保证我们参加奥林匹克运动会，尊重和遵守体育规则，发扬体育道德精神，为体育争光，为国家争得荣誉。”
4.在这届奥运会闭幕式上首次举行了会旗的交接仪式,。There will be a handing-over and taking-over ceremony in each closing ceremony of the Olympic Games. 这个仪式一直延续到今天。就是由奥运会主办城市的市长将会旗交给国际奥委会主席，主席再将会旗交给下届奥运会主办城市的市长。
5. IOC, the International Olympic Committee, 国际奥委会。现任的国际奥委会主席是比利时的雅克·罗格(Jacques Rogge)。
篇三：常用英文 (第二课)
《CRI实用英语课堂》
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