兵马俑英文导游词

篇一：秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词

Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum

Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.

In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.

After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal

codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.

Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”

Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in

for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.

Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.

No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping

vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.

No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen

alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of the formation. There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. They are probably the flanks and the rear. There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit.

No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariots still remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.

篇二：兵马俑英文导游词

The Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Warriors

The Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Warriors, which was opened to the world from October, 1th in 1979, had made great achievement for both Chinese and the people all over the world through hard improvement all along these years, becoming a world-famous large-scale relics. And now, it is called “the eighth wonder of the world” and “one of the greatest discovery in the archeological history during 20 century.

In December of 1987, the UNESCO (The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) has eolled mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin, including Terra-cotta Warriors in the list of the World Cultural Heritage. It is not only the precious treasure of Chinese people, but also that of the entire human. With blood and hardships, Chinese ancient people created this amazing marvel.

So, we are wondering how this great marvel be discovered?

Well, in 1974, a district of Xi’an, Lin Tong was suffering severe drought. A villager called Yang Zhifa, along with three other villagers went to dig a well for their production team. He was cutting the earth and a big hoe he made was obstacled by something very hard, then he continued to dig on and on. Finally, they dug out a seemingly human-like figurine. The three other villagers ran away immediately because at that time, it was said that digging a “head” was an ominous thing. When they found that, they always buried what’s found and kept it a secret. But for Yang Zhifa it’s something different. He installed those discoveries into his Jiaziche(a kind of farming tool) and took them to the leader of their Cultural center of the county. The leader of the cultural center judged it must be a cultural relic before 2000 years. He was so happy that he gave Yang Zhifa 30 yuan for great thanks, which was his whole salary then. And for Yang, it was also a treasure. In July of that year, Shaanxi government organized archeological team to investigate and clean that area, which was later discovered more and more. At last， in October 1th in 1979, the Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Warriors was officially opened to the world.

Now, let us be closer to this world marvel.

After 20 years of careful discovery three underground vaults officially opened to

the public in 1979, 1989, and 1994 respectively, the Qin museum displayed thousands of Terra-Cotta Warriors, horses and chariots, all arranged in military array.

Firstly, let us see the Vault 1, built with earth and timber, with 210 meters long, 60 meters wide and 4.6 to 6.5 meters high. In this area of 12, 600 square meters, six thousand life-sized warriors and horses of terra-cotta werefound in a large-scale military array. All of those soldiers were in unified uniform with height of 1.8 meters. They wear helmets and armor and carry real bows and arrows, swords, lances, guns and crossbows in their hands. Each chariot, made of wood, is drawn by a team of four horses, 1. 5 meters in height. Three rows of walking soldiers make up the pioneer of the array, and these are followed by the main part of the army, 38 rows of troops. There are also flank columns and rearguards. At the third time of their discovery, archaeologist found that when they built those troops, our ancient people had used the technique of colorful decoration, mainly with grey, red and white. And also in this time, they had new discovery in the types of Terra-Cotta Warriors.

Now, what we are looking at is the Vault 2. It is approximately a half of vault I in size, holding nearly a thousand pottery warriors. Compared withVault 1, these warriors are of a larger variety and arranged in a more complex battle array. Unlike Vault 1, the war chariots and walking soldiers are arranged separately in four square formations which are linked to one another in a polygon. Again, however, the warriors carry real weapons, which is also a surprising point for us to see it. The projecting part of the polygon consists of archers, either standing or kneeling, with crossbows or hand bows and quivers and so appears to be the pioneer of the square array. The archers are followed by a unit of cavalrymen to the left and one of chariots to the right, forming the two wings of the phalanx. Walking soldiers and war chariots bring up the rear. Each chariot was drawn by four horses has1l driver and two assistants, one on either side. The charioteers are armored and carry spears, swords and crossbows, indicating that they could engage in long-range battles,

short-range fighting and hand-to-hand combat. All the cavalrymen carry crossbows, a sign that shooting on horseback was a common practice in the army at that time, And one more thing, from among the chariots a robust and unusually tall figure at

1. 95 meters has been unearthed. His armor is interlinked and overlapped with finer metal pieces than that of the common soldiers, and he is believed to be a high-ranking commander of the 1egion.

So, audience, now we come to the Vault 3, which is a modest building more resembling a gallery. It has 69 pottery warriors with defensive weapons and a wooden chariot pulled by four magnificent horses. The structure of the gallery and the line-up of the soldiers suggest that this was likely the headquarters of the troops of Vault 1 and 2.However, the commander is missing. Many archaeologists believe that since the underground army represents the emperor's garrison under his direct command, no marshal was necessary.

Altogether ten thousand pieces of actual weapoy have been unearthed from the three vaults, including arrow-heads, swords, spears and halberds. Two long-handled swords dug out recently are still sharp and gleaming despite their burial for more than two thousand years. Some bronze arrow-heads from Vault 2 are 41 cm in length and 100 grams in weight. They are the biggest bronze weapons excavated in China. Important to the study of Qin technology was the discovery of bronze arrow-heads and swords treated with a preservative that has prevented erosion for 22 centuries. Chemical analysis revealed the sword to have been cast of an alloy of copper, tin and various other elements, including nickel, magnesium, and cobalt. The arrow-heads which contain 7.71 percent lead are considered by archaeologists to be the world's most poisonous.

Experts expect future discoveries to unearth even more amazing art treasures. But they warn that it may require the efforts of one or two generations to recover the entire tomb complex of Emperor Qin Shi Huang.

The three vaults are well preserved in three modern constructions, each with an arched dome and a corridor along the side of the vault so that visitors may overlook the restored figures of warriors, horses and chariots in their original formations. Vault 2 is equipped with devices for regulating temperature, lighting and air humidity.

After we visited these soldiers, let’s talk about the significant meaning of the Terra-Cotta Warriors. First of all, it shows an important point in the development of the ancient weapons and what have military in that period had came to. It is very useful for the historians and archaeologists to do research on those subjects. Secondly, as we know, the warriors underground use real weapons and what were these weapons made of? They were mostly made of iron, earth or bronze which indicated the development of smelting of that time. We can see from the Terra-Cotta Warriors, the technique of smelting industry had been very mature and developed at that time. What amazed the archaeologists is that all the bronze weapons had an oxygenized layer over the surface. With this kind of oxygenized layer, these weapons would keep fresh or become rusty much slower.

Often people ask “why did Qin Shi Huang made so many muddy soldiers to be buried with him after death”?

Some people say that when he was alive, he conquer the six nations and made them integrated, spending most of his life. That was an great achievement as an emperor. That’s undisputed. So, in order to show and memorize his early achievement, he thought it a necessity to have soldiers as his funeral objects.

There are still other people who hold the opinion that the Terra-Cotta Warriors is a symbol of Qin Shi Huang’s overwhelming rule and the famous centralized power. It shows how great his military power was and his big ambition. He built the Terra-Cotta Warriors in order to defend the attack of other small country and keep the country unified. Another group of people think that Qin Shi Huang built this because he knew he had killed too many lives during his rule and that is a big criminal, so he wanted to

have some kind of protection after he died. Therefore we have today’s Terra-Cotta Warriors as a world-famous site. And some people think this opinion ridiculous. Also some believe that it is a type of ancestor worship in ancient times.

Some believe it is just the funeral objects.

What is the real goal of his building the Terra-Cotta Warriors? It’s still unknown to the public. No matter what the goal would be, the Terra-Cotta Warriors is an amazing historical heritage in the world.

篇三：兵马俑英文导游词

The museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning, so nice to see you again. Today, we are going to visit the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses. This museum is located at the foot of mountain Li Shan, about 35 kilometers east of Xi’an. On the way, I will give you a brief introduction about the master of this underground army---the First Qin Emperor. His name was Yingzheng. He came to the throne at the age of 13 in 246BC and seized the power at the age of 22 in 237BC. By 221BC, when he was only 39 years old, he had annexed all the six independent states and established the first centralized autocratic feudal empire in the long history of China.//秦始皇简介

After the unification of the whole country, he styled himself the First Emperor and standardized the coinage, weights and measures, the legal codes, the written scripts and so on. He also ordered the linkage of the original Great Wall. All these exerted an everlasting influence on the long feudal history of China. //功绩简介

But, just like each coin has two sides, the First Qin Emperor thought his contributions were beyond compare, so he became more and more arrogant and ambitious. As soon as he came to the throne, he ordered that a magnificent mausoleum should be built for him. And after the unification of the whole country, he even gathered 700,000 conscripts from all parts of the country to work on his mausoleum. In fact, it took 37years to complete this project. And the site of those terracotta warriors and horses, we are going to visit, is just a small part of his mausoleum.

Ok, everyone, now we are standing at the front gate of the Eighth Wonder of the world---the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses. There are three pits of warriors and horses and two bronze chariots have been found. The first one was discovered in March 1974 when several farmers were sinking a well. And in 1976, another 2 pits were also uncovered. They cover a total area of 20,780 square meters. And the bronze chariots were found in December 1980. In order to protect this terracotta army, the Chinese government built a museum in 1975, and it was officially open to the public on October 1, 1979. As one of the top ten places of historical interest in China, it was also listed as a world heritage site.//兵马俑及铜车马的出土

So next, let’s go to uncover the veil of them one by one.

Ladies and gentlemen, now we are standing at the front of pit 1. It is about 230 meters long, 62meters wide and 5 meters deep. It covers an area of 14,260 square meters, and it is an earth-and wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. We will also find that the whole pit is divided into 11corridors by 10earth-rammed partition walls, and the floor was paved with brick.//一号坑简介

The terracotta armies in pit 1 were arranged in battle formation. In the front of this formation, there are 210warriors in 3 lines facing forward. Armed with bows and arrows, they constitute the so-called vanguard. And the first one on the right side, is the captain of this vanguard. There is one row of warriors on each of the borders of this pit, facing outward---they are the flanks and the rear guard. Holding long-distance shooting weapons, they took up the job of defending the whole army. So, next, this way please. We may find ten partition walls which divided this pit into 11 corridors. There are 28 columns of warriors standing inside them with horse-drawn chariots in the center. They represent the principal military force of this battle formation.

According to the density, there are over 6000 terracotta warriors and horses, and most of them are infantrymen. With all of these, no wonder the first Qin Emperor could annex all the six independent states and unify China!//一号坑军阵特点

Ok, let’s move on. Here now we arrived at Pit 2. Pit 2 covers an area of about 6000 square meters. We can see that pit 2 is also under cover, it is because we want to preserve them. You know, the warriors originally were painted in color, but today’s technology is not advanced enough to preserve it very well after excavation. And pit 2 is the one that preserve the best. According to research, pit 2 consists of 4different mixed military forces in four arrays. There are infantrymen, cavalrymen, archers and charioteers, including over 1000 warriors, 500 chariots and horses. They can be divided to act independently, capable of attacking, and defending with a quick response. //二号坑及军阵特点

This way please, next we can appreciate those clay warriors and horses very closely. Their feet, legs, bodies, necks, hands and heads, all with different faces, were all made separately and joined together. we may find they are all vivid and true to life.

And also as we can see, here are some actual weapons unearthed in those pits. The most attractive one is a bronze sword. Although it was buried over 2000 years, it is still very sharp. It can cat through 20 pieces of paper put together. //武器及兵佣展示

Here is pit 3. Pit 3 covers an area of about 520 square meters. There are only 68 warriors and 4 clay horses. The warriors were arranged opposite to each other in two rows, and only one kind of weapon called “SHU” had been discovered. This kind of weapon has no blade, and is believed to be used by the guards of honor. We have found many animal bones in the north side, and it is supposed to be “Prayer Hall”, and “Commander’s office” is on the south side. And in the center, there used to be a chariot, which seems to be ready to send orders. This suggests pit 3 is the headquarters directing the whole underground army.//3号坑

Now we have arrived at the exhibition hall of Bronze Chariots and Horses. In 1980, two sets of large painted bronze chariots and horses were found. They broke into thousands of pieces when we found them and after 8 years’ careful restoration; they were rebuilt and open to the public. The first one was named “High Chariot” and the second one was called “Security Chariot”. The second one was used by the emperor and his concubine when traveling. Both of them are exquisite and luxurious, from them, we can feel the august imperial power in that time.

So now we will finish our journey in the museum today, but you know the job continue any time, all right? You know the mausoleum of the first Qin emperor hasn’t been opened, and today we just find the underground army, but you know it was honored as the eight wonder of the world, so maybe someday, when we have ability to excavate the mausoleum, welcome again, thank you!

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