篇一：鲁迅《阿长与山海经》读后感
鲁迅对长妈妈怀有深厚的感情，在《朝花夕拾》中，有好几篇文章回忆到与长妈妈有关的往事，其中《阿长与山海经》是专门回忆和纪念她的。。如写她喜欢“切切察察”、喜欢“告状”、睡觉爱摆“大”字等；接着写她懂得的许多“我听不耐烦”的规矩。比如元旦、除夕吃福橘、人死了要说“老掉了”等；最后写了长妈妈“我”买《山海经》的事，而且叙述得很详细。
文章着重写了我幼年时与长妈妈的一段经历。长妈妈是一位保姆，而我对她的印象能如此深刻，可见我对她的感情至深。文章也进一步介绍了她的名字、体形等。
文章主体在于围绕《山海经》，写我对长妈妈的感情变化。由最初的我不大佩服她，最后我对她又有新的敬意，是因为她给我买了《山海经》。
长妈妈是一位经历苍桑的人，这里不仅写她迷信，有麻烦的礼节，而且突出了她的伟大，别人不肯做或不能做的，她却成功了。很好地概述了一个人物形象。而我对长妈妈的感情也是文章的关键，文章的主体把握及最后对她的缅怀、祝福，都能说明感情很深。
篇二：0805翻译阿长与山海经鲁迅
0805翻译：阿长与山海经（鲁迅）
Translation: Ah Chang andClassic of Mountains and Seas (Lu Xun)
(translated by: alexcwlin; edited by: Adam Lam)
长妈妈，已经说过，是一个一向带领着我的女工， Mamma Chang, as I mentioned before, was the maid-servant who took care of me all along.
说得阔气一点，就是我的保姆。 A more glamorized titlefor her would be “nanny”. 我的母亲和许多别的人都这样称呼她，似乎略带些客气的意思。
My mother and many other people called her “Mamma Chang”, which was meant to show her some courtesy.
只有祖母叫她阿长。
Only grandma called her “Ah Chang”.
我平时叫她“阿妈”，连“长”字也不带；
Normally I called her “Ah Ma” and skipped the “Chang” part.
但到憎恶她的时候，——例如知道了谋死我那隐鼠的却是她的时候，就叫她阿长。
But when I was angry at her, such as the time I knew about her murdering of my mole mouse, I would call her “Ah Chang”. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
我们那里没有姓长的；
Nobody at our place had the family name “Chang”.
她生得黄胖而矮，“长”也不是形容词。
Mamma Chang was yellow-skinned, fat and short, and “Chang” (which in Chinese means “long”) would not be an appropriate adjective for her.
又不是她的名字，
“Chang” was not part of her name either.
记得她自己说过，她的名字是叫作什么姑娘的。什么姑娘，我现在已经忘却了，
I recall she once mentioned her name was Miss “Something”, and I have forgotten what that “Something” was referred to.
总之不是长姑娘；也终于不知道她姓什么。
Anyhow it was not Miss Chang, and after all I don?t even know what her family name was.
记得她也曾告诉过我这个名称的来历： I do remember she told me once how the name came about.
先前的先前，我家有一个女工，身材生得很高大，这就是真阿长。
Long time ago a maid-servant in our family was tall and big, and she was the real Ah Chang.
后来她回去了，我那什么姑娘才来补她的缺，
Later she returned home and Miss “Something” took over her vacancy.
然而大家因为叫惯了，没有再改口，
However all of us had been used to the name and did not bother to change.
于是她从此也就成为长妈妈了。
So she became Mamma Chang from then on.
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虽然背地里说人长短不是好事情，但倘使要我说句真心话，我可只得说：
Although talking behind someone?s back would not be nice, yet if speaking my mind is required, then I have to say it like it is.
我实在不大佩服她。 Actually I didn?t give her much respect.
最讨厌的是常喜欢切切察察，向人们低声絮说些什么事。
The most annoying thing about her was she always loved to gossip and whispered to people about trivial things.
还竖起第二个手指， She also stuck out one of her second fingers.
在空中上下摇动，或者点着对手或自己的鼻尖。 Either she waved it up and down in the air, or pointed it at the person she was talking to or her own nose. 我的家里一有些小风波，不知怎的我总疑心和这“切切察察”有些关系。
There were some minor troubles in our family and somehow I always suspected they had something to do with all those gossips.
又不许我走动， She would not let me run around.
拔一株草，翻一块石头，就说我顽皮，要告诉我的母亲去了。
If I pulled a stem of grass or flipped over a rock, she would say I was naughty and want to tell my mother about that.
一到夏天，睡觉时她又伸开两脚两手，在床中间摆成一个“大”字， When summer arrived, she would stretch her legs and arms out in bed like a gingerbread-man.
挤得我没有余地翻身，久睡在一角的席子上，又已经烤得那么热。
I was so tightly squeezed that there was no room for me to roll away from an over-warmed spot on the mat from sleeping there for too long.
推她呢，不动； I pushed her and she wouldn?t budge.
叫她呢，也不闻。When I yelled at her, she couldn?t hear.
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“长妈妈生得那么胖，一定很怕热罢？ “Mamma Chang, you are so fat you have to hate hot weather, aren?t you?
晚上的睡相，怕不见得很好罢？……” 母亲听到我多回诉苦之后，曾经这样地问过她。
I?m afraid you can?t possibly look good the way you lie around in your sleep, isn?t it?”after my mother had heard my complaints several times, she asked Mamma Chang.
我也知道这意思是要她多给我一些空席。
I knew my mother meant to ask her to give me more space on the mat.
她不开口。
She said nothing.
但到夜里，我热得醒来的时候，却仍然看见满床摆着一个“大”字，一条臂膊还搁在我的颈子上。 But at night when I was awakenfrom the heat, I still saw her in gingerbread-man posture taking up the entire bed with one of her arms resting on my neck.
我想，这实在是无法可想了。 I thought there was really nothing I could do.
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但是她懂得许多规矩；这些规矩，也大概是我所不耐烦的。 She knew many house-rules that bothered me to no end.
一年中最高兴的时节，自然要数除夕了。
Of all the festivals during the year, Chinese New Year?s Eve would be counted as the most exciting for me.
辞岁之后，从长辈得到压岁钱，红纸包着，
After the customary exchange of well wishes, I would have received many red envelopes of lucky money from elders.
放在枕边，只要过一宵，便可以随意使用。 I put them beside my pillow and looked forward to spending them at will on the next day.
睡在枕上，看着红包，想到明天买来的小鼓、刀枪、泥人、糖菩萨……。
When I looked at those red envelopes while lying on the pillow, I thought about those little drums, swords, guns, and candy Buddha I would be able to buy tomorrow.
然而她进来，又将一个福橘放在床头了。But then she came in and put a “lucky” tangerine on the head section of the bed.
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“哥儿，你牢牢记住！”她极其郑重地说。“明天是正月初一， “Little Guy, don?t forget,” she said with a serious face, “tomorrow will be the first day of the New Year. 清早一睁开眼睛，第一句话就得对我说：?阿妈，恭喜恭喜！?
When you open your eyes early in the morning, the first thing you say will be to me: ?Mamma, congratulations!?
记得么？
Can you remember that?
你要记着，这是一年的运气的事情。
You must remember because it is a matter of luck for the entire year.
不许说别的话！
Don?t say anything else.
说过之后，还得吃一点福橘。”
After you have said that, you have to eat some ?lucky? tangerine.”
她又拿起那橘子来在我的眼前摇了两摇，“那么，一年到头，顺顺流流……。”
She picked up the tangerine and waved it in front of my face and said: “That way everything will go smoothly as we wish for the remaining of the year.” ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
梦里也记得元旦的，
I dreamed of Chinese New Year?s Day.
第二天醒得特别早，
I woke up especially early the next morning.
一醒，就要坐起来。她却立刻伸出臂膊，一把将我按住。
When I opened my eyes, I wanted to sit up, but Mamma Chang held me down with both arms.
我惊异地看她时，只见她惶急地看着我。 I looked at her in bewilderment and noticed she was looking back at me in apprehension.
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她又有所要求似的，摇着我的肩。 It seemed she was asking for something when she shook my shoulders back and forth.
我忽而记得了——Then it suddenly dawned on me and I said:
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“阿妈，恭喜……”“Ah Ma, congratulations!”
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- “恭喜恭喜！大家恭喜！
She replied: “Congratulations! Congratulations to all of us!
真聪明！恭喜恭喜！”
You?re so smart. Congratulations!”
她于是十分欢喜似的，笑将起来，同时将一点冰冷的东西，塞在我的嘴里。
She broke out a smile in elation and shoved some cold stuff in my mouth.
我大吃一惊之后，也就忽而记得，这就是所谓福橘，
I was taken aback but then I suddenly remembered it would be the so-called “lucky” tangerine. 元旦辟头的磨难，总算已经受完，可以下床玩耍去了。The tormenting start of the New Year was finally over and I could get off the bed to play.
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她教给我的道理还很多，
She told me many other facts of life.
例如说人死了，不该说死掉，必须说“老掉了”；
For example, when a person passed away, I should not say “die”, but say “expire from old age” instead. 死了人，生了孩子的屋子里，不应该走进去；
I should not go into the house of a deceased or a newborn.
饭粒落在地上，必须拣起来，最好是吃下去；
I should always pick up a grain of rice that fell on the floor, and better still, swallow it. 晒裤子用的竹竿底下，是万不可钻过去的……。
I should not, under any circumstances, walk underneath bamboo poles being used to dry pants. 此外，现在大抵忘却了，
There were others which I have forgotten.
只有元旦的古怪仪式记得最清楚。
Only those peculiar rituals for New Year?s Day are still vivid in my mind.
总之：都是些烦琐之至，
Anyhow, those were all extremely petty.
至今想起来还觉得非常麻烦的事情。
Looking back from now they were all huge nuisances.
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然而我有一时也对她发生过空前的敬意。
However, sometimes I had unparalleled respect for her.
她常常对我讲“长毛”。 She always told me about the “long-haired”.
她之所谓“长毛” 者，不但洪秀全军，似乎连后来一切土匪强盗都在内，
Her so-called “long-haired” individuals encompassed not only Hong Xiuquan army, but apparently all the subsequent bandits and robbers. 但除却革命党，因为那时还没有。
Excluded were the revolutionists who had not come into existence at the time.
她说得长毛非常可怕，他们的话就听不懂。
She said those long-haired people were very terrifying, and she couldn?t understand what they said. 她说先前长毛进城的时候，我家全都逃到海边去了，
According to her, some time ago long-haired came into the city and our whole family escaped to the seaside. 只留一个门房和年老的煮饭老妈子看家。
Only an old kitchen maid and a doorman were left behind to look after the house.
后来长毛果然进门来了，那老妈子便叫他们“大王”，——
Then long-haired entered the house and the old maid called them “Big Kings”.
据说对长毛就应该这样叫，——
From what I heard, that was how you addressed long-haired. 诉说自己的饥饿。
She pleaded she was hungry.
长毛笑道：“那么，这东西就给你吃了罢！”
Long-haired laughed and said: “Then you can have this to eat.” 将一个圆圆的东西掷了过来，还带着一条小辫子，正是那门房的头。
They threw her a round thing with a pigtail, and that was the head of the doorman. 煮饭老妈子从此就骇破了胆，
Old kitchen maid was almost scared to death.
后来一提起，还是立刻面如土色，自己轻轻地拍着胸埔道：“阿呀，骇死我了，骇死我了……。”Anytime the incident was mentioned her face would turn pale; she would pat her own chest softly and say: “Oh, scared me to death! Scared me to death!”
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 我那时似乎倒并不怕，
At that time I was not afraid. 因为我觉得这些事和我毫不相干的，我不是一个门房。
These things did not concern me because I was not a doorman.
但她大概也即觉到了，说道：“象你似的小孩子，长毛也要掳的，掳去做小长毛。 But she sensed what I was thinking and said: “Long-haired would have kidnapped a kid like you and turnedyou into a little long-haired.
还有好看的姑娘，也要掳。” Also good-looking girls would have been kidnapped.”
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“那么，你是不要紧的。”
篇三：《阿长与山海经》导学案(含答案)
班级 姓名 主备：贺运平
6《阿长与<山海经>》导学案
学习目标
1、识记重点字词，理解重点句子的含义。理清文章的思路，弄清记叙的顺序。
2、学习本文选取典型事例表现人物性格以及详略得当的写法。
3、认识阿长的品格风貌和作者对阿长的思想感情，感悟作者对长妈妈的真切怀念之情。 背景资料
1、“阿长”
鲁迅儿时的保姆，《山海经》是鲁迅儿时最渴慕的一部书。文章重点写了阿长为鲁迅买到向往已久的绘图《山海经》的事，表现了旧中国一位普通、不幸、粗憨、然而善良、渴望幸福、体察孩子心理的劳动妇女的形象。
2、关于《山海经》
《山海经》共十八卷，战国至西汉初年的作品。内容主要是我国民间传说中的地理知识，还保存了不少上古时代流传下来的神话故事。鲁迅称之为“古之巫书”
3、1926年3月18日北洋军阀政府枪杀进步学生，鲁迅受反动政府通缉，不得不到厦门大学任教，后又受守旧势力的排挤。在那种境况下，作者不愿意想到目前，只能借回忆少年生活写点文章聊以自慰。于是写出了回忆散文集《朝花夕拾》（共十篇文章），本文是其中第二篇：回忆自己童年时期与家里女工阿长相处的一段生活。写于北京寓所。发表于1926年3月25日《莽原》半月刊上
预习导学
1、给下列字注音
骇（ ） 掳（ ） 悚（ ） 絮说（ ） 惶急（ ） 疮疤（ ） 诘问（ ） 霹雳（ ） 辟头（ ） 画舫（ ）
2、鲁迅，原名（），（）人，我国现代伟大的（）、（）、（）。
3、本文选自（ ）。这是鲁迅唯一的一本（ ）集。全书（）篇文章，外加一篇（），一篇（ ）。是鲁迅回忆（）（ ）（ ）时期不同生活经历与体验的文字。
4、根据具体语境，解释加粗词语的意思。
1我很愿意看看这样的图画，但不好意思力逼他去寻找，他是很疏懒的。
疏懒：
2我惊异地看她时，只见她惶急地看着我。
惶急：
3但当我哀悼隐鼠，给它复仇的时候，一面又在渴慕着绘图的《山海经》了。渴慕：
5、熟读课文，用“阿长是一个的 人”说话。可以用课文中的词句，也可以自己概括。全方位感知人物，可以从外貌、身份、细节、性格等各方面说。
过程
一、导入新课
同学们，还记得《从百草园到三味书屋》中那个神秘莫测的美女蛇的故事吗?它给百草园蒙上了一层神秘的面纱。讲这故事的人是谁呢?——对，是长妈妈。长妈妈是作者儿时的保姆，长妈妈知道许多事情，懂得许多道理，可以说，她是民间文化的载体，对于鲁迅来说，她可是一个有影响的人物。可是在《阿长与<山海经>》里，鲁迅却将长妈妈称为“阿长”，这是为什么呢?作者究竟是怀着怎样一种感情来写长妈妈的呢?今天，就让我们一起走进课文，去感悟作者对长妈妈的深切感情。
二、整体感知学生带着问题速读课文。
1、本文主要刻画了哪个人物？围绕着这个人物写了哪几件事？哪些详写？为什么详写？ 阿长；写了阿长名字的由来、说话切切查查、睡相不好、吃福橘、讲长毛的故事、买《山海经》；后三件事详写；这三件事能突出中心，因为这三件事有一个共同点：都有神秘莫测的特点，深深地吸引着童年作者的心，导致作者怀念之情油然而生。
2、这些材料表现了长妈妈怎样的品格风貌？
淳朴、善良、关心他人、乐于帮助他人。
3、你从这些事中，看出作者对长妈妈的感情有怎样的变化?
从不大佩服——厌恶——憎恶——有新的敬意——怀念
4、这些材料是按什么顺序来安排的？
以感情变化为线索。
三、合作探究
1.课文题目为什么称长妈妈为“阿长”？
1文中抑笔较多，既然又“不大佩服她”，又是“讨厌”，又是“不耐烦”，○
又是“麻烦”，当然不能用“妈妈”称呼
2题目用的是46岁写作时的口气，宜用“阿长”称呼，这样写显得亲切些。○
2、为什么作者说“使我发生了新的敬意”？
因为《山海经》很难找，别人不能做，不愿做，而没有文化的阿长却能买到。
3、.文中最后一段表达了怎样的感情，作用是什么？
对阿长崇敬和怀念；作用是点明中心。
4、题目中“与”表示两者有并列关系，作者用意何在?
用意是表明阿长与《山海经》都有相似之处：都有神秘莫测的东西深深地吸引着作者的童心。
5、作者在刻画阿长这个人物形象时，用了一种什么写法？作者叙述的几件事情中，属于“抑”的方面的事件有哪些？属于“扬”的方面的事件有哪些？
用了先抑后扬；抑的是阿长名字的由来、说话切切查查、睡相不好，扬的是“逼我”吃福橘、讲长毛的故事、买《山海经》。
6、 “我实在不大佩服她。”你怎样理解这句话的含义？
这是作者从童年的眼光看的，不满她的切切查查、睡相不好，但从成年的眼光来看，作者还是持怀念态度的。
四、重点研读 买《山海经》部分， 学生朗读19～29段，思考下列问题：
（1）当阿长来问《山海经》是怎么一回事时，“我”是怎样想的？这种想法表现了“我”的什么心理？
“我”想：“她并非学者，说了也无益”。因为阿长没文化，不知道《山海经》是怎样的一部书，更何况她一向似乎并不善于关心“我”，因此她也不会理解“我”渴望得到《山海经》的心情。
这表现了“我”对阿长轻视的心理。
（2）当阿长说“哥儿，有画儿的‘三哼经’我给你买来了”，“我”有什么反应？表现出怎样的心情？
反应是：“我似乎遇着了一个霹雳，全体都震悚起来”，“这又使我发生新的敬意了，别人不肯做，或不能做的事，她却能够做成功。她确有伟大的神力。谋害隐鼠的怨恨，从此完全消灭了。”真可谓又惊又喜，感激不尽。
（3）“这又使我发生新的敬意了，别人不肯做，或不能做的事，她却能够做成功。她确有伟大的神力。” 为什么会产生“新的敬意”？为什么说“她确有伟大的神力”？
因为有画的《山海经》很难找，没有人像阿长这么热心，这件事“别人不肯做”，“不能做”，而阿长不识字，居然买来了。所以说，阿长“确有伟大的神力”
（4）“这四本书，乃是我最初得到，最为心爱的宝书。”为什么这么说？ 表达作者对童年、阿长的怀念。
（5）文中哪句话抒发了作者对长妈妈的怀念之情？文中最后一段
（6）划出描写阿长的句子，判断这些句子运用了哪几种描写方法？
文中写了关于阿长的几件事，运用了外貌描写、动作描写、语言描写。
（7）分析“哥儿，有画儿的‘三哼经’我给你买来了”一句有哪些精妙之处，写出了人物的哪些特点？
1称鲁迅“哥儿”，说明阿长有爱心 ○
2把《山海经》说成“三哼经”，说明她无文化 ○
3买来《山海经》说明她乐于助人。 ○
【教学反思】：
《鲁迅阿长与山海经》
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