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英语作文常见问题

时间:2017-02-22 07:57:16 来源:免费论文网

篇一:英语作文常见错误

英语作文常见错误

同学们在英语学习中或多或少都会存在错误,尤其是在英语作文写作中,语法错误可谓层出不穷,现在对同学们英语写作中常见的语法错误进行了分类总结。

1. 主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性

汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数的影响,但英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致,谓语动词要随着主语而变化。而同学们主要用汉语思维,往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数。例如:

a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.

b. He go to school by bike every day.

分析:

a句中a number of +复数名词做主语时,其谓语动词用复数形式。b中 He是第三人称单数,在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。

2.时态

高中生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。英语时态种类繁多,动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。中文里没有时态区分。动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词来表示,对高中生来说,掌握英语的时态不是很容易。实际上,学习者在头脑里很清楚语法规则,但经常混淆或忘记改变动词的词形。例如:

a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.

b. I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes.

c. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.

正确的句子:

a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.

b. I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes.

c. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.

分析:

第一句是一个常识问题,应该用一般现在时态。第二句“我买这件衣服花了50元”应该是过去时态。第三句主句是一般将来时,条件状语从句是一般现在时态。

3.语态错误

动词的被动式在英语中比比皆是,学生由于汉语思维的影响,很少考虑到用被动语态。虽然中文里也有被动式的含义,但与英语里被动式表达方式完全不同。英语里的被动式要求有助动词be和过去分词形式,其中这个助动词带有时态和人称数量信息,中文里需要使用如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语,不需要有不规则的动词形式。这对中国的学习者来说就有潜在的困难。例如:

a. New bicycles must keep inside.

b. The book has to return at the end of the week.

c. The food has cooked.

d. Knife should take away from babies.

正确的句子:

a. New bicycles must be kept inside.

b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.

c. The food has been cooked.

d. Knives should be taken away from babies.

很明显,这些句法结构己经被确认为未能正确使用英语中的被动式。学生还会犯一些其它方面的错误,其中之一是,常常把英语里没有被动语态的词(组),如 take place, occur, happen, belong to,appear, break out, rise, die等用作被动语态。

4.固定搭配

错误有介词短语的搭配,固定词组的搭配,更多的是特殊动词的搭配和用法出现错误最多。很多学习者在记单词的时候,不记搭配和真正用法,错误如下:

a. He suggested to go there on his bike.

b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.

c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.

正确的句子:

a. He suggested going there on his bike.

b. My teacher explained to me the text very carefully.

c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.

据以上的分析,中国学习者的英语应用很大程度上受到其母语的影响,直接翻译,没有记住这些动词的特殊用法。

5.非谓语动词

错误由于学生对非谓语动词的概念不清楚,对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不明白,对句子结构分析不正确,常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。

学生不知道在英语句子中谓语动词只能有一个,如果有另外一个动词出现,这个动词有三种情况:一是并列谓语,但是这时候必须有连词,如and, but等;二是出现在从句里面;三就是以分词形式出现,现在分词和过去分词,还有不定式。现在分词有主动语态和进行时的含义,而过去区分词有被动语态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的意义。例如: a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.

b. I am looking forward to see you.

正确的句子:

a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.

b. I am looking forward to seeing you.

分析:

a句中己有谓语动词there are,用来修饰things,此句缺的是后置定语。b句look forward to是一个固定短语,后面要接动名词。

6.冠词错误

学生在翻译时常会忘了考虑冠词,或者说不重视冠词这个问题,常有多用或少用或错用的弊

病。

冠词考查分两个方面,一是冠词的残缺或多余,考生要注意关于含有冠词(不含冠词)的用法以及加冠词与不加冠词的区别,如:in charge of与in the charge of, out of question与out of the question的区别。二是冠词the, a, an(不定冠词和定冠词)之间的相互误用。

英汉名词确有许多共同点,但是也有不少不同点。英语名词有可数与不可数之分,汉语里没有,且一般情况下,名词都可受到数量词的限制。因此,英语写作中,一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少数常用不可数名词时,学生往往会犯错误。

不过,在使用英语不可数名词时,又会出现两种情况,一种是绝不可以用a/an或数词来直接修饰,如上述提及的几个名词:另一种情况是,少数不可数名词在被形容词等修饰后,可用a/an等来修饰。如time(时间),rain(雨)。所以我们可以说:We had a wonderful time yesterday. 例如:

a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.

b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.

c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.

正确的句子:

a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.

b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.

c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.

7.代词的错误

代词主要有人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、反身代词、疑问代词、复合疑问代词、指示代词,要注意代词的各人称之间和单复数之间的误用,关系代词 which, that, as之间的误用,关系代词that与疑问代词what之间的误用,关系代词which与关系副词when, where,以及what与how的误用等。例如:

a. We do not like he.

b. If you like this books, you can take them away.

c. His book is different from me.

d. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.

正确的句子:

a. We do not like him.

b. If you like these books, you can take them away.

c. His book is different from mine.

d. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.

汉语里,人称代词没有主格、宾格和所有格之变,而英语中的人称代词有主格、宾格和所有格之变,而且每格都具有其自身的用途,分别充当主语、宾语和定语等。尤其要注意的是,人称代词充当介词宾语时,也要采用其宾格形式。

8.连词的错误

连词主要有两类,即并列连词和从属连词,考查点主要是并列连词(分递进式、转折式、选择式和因果式四种)之间的误用(主要是but与so/and之间的误用),从属连词之间的误用

以及并列连词与从属连词之间的误用等。例如:

a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.

b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.

c. If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.

正确的句子:

a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in.

b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.

c.1f you go this way,you will soon see the hospital.

9.名词的错误

名词主要考查单数名词变复数名词,这主要是受东西方文化差异的影响,英语中除了不可数名词和单数名词用单数外,可数名词要用复数形式。另外还有一些特殊形式。例如: a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!

b. Please give my best regard to your parents.

c. I have got good marks in all my subject.

正确的句子:

a. What beautiful weather we are having today!

b. Please give my best regards to your parents.

c. I have got good marks in all my subjects.

10.情态动词和助动词的错误

这类错误有以下几种情况:① 情态动词后的动词使用过去时态;② 情态动词后的动词加“s”③ 情态动词后的动词加“ing”④”will”后面的“be”动词用“am、“is”或“are ”;⑤助动词“do”后面的动词用动词过去时态;⑥。助动词“do”后面的动词第三人称单数加“s";⑦ 助动词“do”后面的动词加“ing”等。例如:

a. I could did my homework.

b. He may goes to school by bike every day.

正确的句子:

a. I could do my homework.

b. He may go to school by bike every day.

篇二:中考英语作文十大常见错误分析

中考英语作文十大常见错误分析

俗话说“千里之行始于足下”。英语书面表达能力的形成不是一日之功,必须从平时的课堂学习一点一滴抓起,持之以恒。

一篇优秀的英语作文在内容和语言两方面应是一个统一体,任何一方面的欠缺都会直接影响到作文的质量。然而,很多考生在写作中或者由于粗心大意,或者由于基本功不扎实而经常出现名词不变复数、第三人称单数不加s,前后不一致,以及时态语态、句子完整性等方面的错误。

1. 审题不清

如2004年中考作文要求写一项最喜欢的课外活动,有些考生将作文的主题定位为“我最喜欢的活动”,偏离了“一项、课外活动”这一主题。依据作文的评分原则,若文章内容不切题,则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确,都会被判为零分。

2.拼写错误

拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功,但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分,而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差,同时也直接影响内容的表达,通常会降低作文的档次。

3.名词单复数问题

误 my father and my mother is all teacher。

正 my father and my mother are both teachers。

4.缺少动词

在汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的,但英语中每个完整的句子都必须有 动词来构成,如:“我累了。”这个句子没有动词作谓语,而用形容词,但英语形容词不能作谓语,一定要写成:i'm tired。

误 i happy i can come to beijing zoo。

正 i am happy i can come to beijing zoo。

误 the apples cheap. i'll take some。

正 the apples are cheap. i'll take some。

5.缺少介词、冠词等

还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法,不了解中英文语言习惯的不同,也会出现明显的错误,造成丢分现象。

误 because heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting。

正 because of the heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting。

6.代词的误用

英语中代词的形式很多,包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。而汉语中没有主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词和名次性物主代词之分;此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词,而英语中物主代词是不可省略的,代词的误用是考生最容易发生的错误。

误 i mother and i went to the shop to buy a present for i father。

正 my mother and i went to the shop to buy a present for my father。

7.句子不完整

有的考生因为对句子结构认识模糊,所以出现只写半句的现象,这也是造成失分的原因之一。

误 many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. for example, my friend in high school。

(这段文章的第二句话没有动词,他不能独立构成一个句子。这是一个非常常见的错误,修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。)

正 many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college, for example, my friend in high school。

8.前后不一致

所谓不一致,包括数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致、主谓不一致等。

例1. when one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do。

(人一旦有了知识,他就能想干什么就干什么。)

剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。

改为 when one has knowledge , he can do what he wants (to do)

9.时态、人称和数的搭配错误

汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化,而对英语来说,这些都至关重要。例:

误 when i get to the station the train leave。

正 when i got to the station the train had left。

10.综合性错误

综合性错误是指单词的大小写和标点符号的错误等,以及形容词和副词的混淆、连词的误用等等。这些都是靠考生平时知识的积累,所以考生应该从平时练习出发,每天坚持写英语日记,多读适合自己英语水平的原版著作,提高自己的英语素养。

如何写好文章开头

开头是作文在阅卷老师面前的第一次亮相,它将决定你所写的文章在阅卷老师心中所留下的第一印象。如果第一印象好,就意味着有了良好的开端,也就成功了一半。Good beginning is half done,我们该怎样一提起笔就让自己成功一半呢?

1. “开门见山”式开头

一般来说,文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”,即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题,使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。

① 对于叙事类的文章,可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头可以是:Last month,my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us。

② 对于论述性的文章,可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点,接着展开进一步的论述。如“The Time and the Money(时间和金钱)”的开头可以是:Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don't think so. First,when money is used up,you can earn it back,but??

2. 回忆性开头

在描述事件或游记类的文章中,采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇,如never forget (永远无法忘记)、 remember (记得)、unforgettable (难以忘怀的)、 exciting(令人激动的)、surprising(令人惊讶的)、sad (难过的)??如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头还以这样写:I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had。

3. 疑问性开头

在叙事类或论述性的文章中,都可采用疑问型开头,这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees(种树)”的开头可以是:Have you ever planted trees? Don't you think planting trees is?? 再如“Traveling Abroad(出国之旅)”的开头可以是:If you have anopportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore?

4. 倒叙式开头

在有的文章,特别是叙事类的文章中,可以采用倒叙的写作手法,先写出事件的结果,再陈述过程。如“Catching Thieves (捉贼)”的开头可以这样写:I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. It's a ?? story。

十字诀

初中英语作文分为四等。一等文:13-15分;二等文:9-12分;三等文:5-8分;四等文:0-4分。教给大家十个字,搞定初中英语写作,帮你拿到一等文。

要点+结构+逻辑+语法+亮点

要点:实际上中考[微博]英语写作就等于两个字,翻译!因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点,要求必须在文章中有所体现。文章写的再好,只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以要点,也就是文章的第二段内容,要做到全,围绕中心。

结构:中考最流行的结构就是三段式,深受各地区中考英语写作阅卷老师的喜爱。为什么尼?因为这种结构十分清晰。“观点——要点——总结”让人一目了然。三段式的第一段:简单明了,开门见山,不超过2句话,如,我们想表达小强很强壮,第一段直接说XQ is extremely strong. 观点明确,这一句足矣。

第二段:分2-3点说为什么他强壮。1. 每天吃10顿饭,He has ten meals everyday!详举吃的是什么。2. 每天运动2小时,He does exercise 2 hours a day! 详举做了什么运动。

篇三:高中英语作文中常见的100个错误,必须避免!(上)

高中英语作文中常见的100个错误,必须避免!(上)

写作是对同学们英语综合能力的考查,是最能体现大家英语水平的一种检测方式。学生在写作的过程当中经常会暴露一些弱点、犯一些错误。今天,我们对大家英语作文中的常见错误进行简要归纳,并举以实例,大家在今后的英语写作中要尽量避免这些错误的发生。

一. 名词

写作中,学生们常把握不好名词的数、所有格以及一些集合名词的用法。

1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.

句中的a要去掉,因为advice是不可数名词。一些汉语概念为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的,表示数量时在要其前加a piece of,类似的词有:news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。

2. That girl loves reading book.

可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里,或前面加冠词,或将其变为复数。此处最好变为books.

3. He went into a book's shop and bought a dictionary.

一般表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格用’s,如my mother’s car, 而此处适宜用名词修饰名词,改为a book shop.

4. My family is watching TV.

一些集合名词如看成一个整体,则用单数的谓语动词,如My family is a happy one. 如果强调集合中每个个体的个人行为,则用复数的谓语动词。此处看电视是个体行为,应把is改为are。类似的词有:team, class, audience等。

5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.

中学阶段,以“o”结尾的名词中有四个词变复数时要加es,它们是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其余的都加s变为复数。

6. This has nothing to do with their believes.(这和他们的信仰没关系。)

以f, fe 结尾的词变为复数时一般去f, fe 加ves,如knife—knives,

thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s变为复数。所以应把believes改为beliefs.

二. 冠词

7. The boss wants to hire an useful person.

用a还是an,取决于后面单词音标中的第一个音,如为元音用an,为辅音用a。useful的第一个音是辅音所以应把an改为a。类似的,我们说a European country.

8. Plane is a machine that can fly.

plane为可数名词单数,不能单独放在句中,应在其前加冠词或把它变为复数,而本句后有a machine, 因此只能在其前面加a,变为A plane。

9. He played a piano at the party yesterday.

把a 改为the ,因为乐器前用定冠词。

10. The machine was invented in 1920s.

在in后加the,因为表示年代用in加the再加几十的复数,如在八十年代in the 80s。

11. Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.

去掉the,因为表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具。

三. 代词

使用代词时请注意其单、复数,主、宾格以及形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。

12. He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.

定语从句的先行词是those speakers,为复数,因此从句中的指示代词应为复数,应把his改为their。

13. Whom do you think has left the lights on?

放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不参与句子成分。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主语,应把Whom改为Who。

14. The boss pretended not to see John and I.

John和I在句中都做的宾语,应把 I 改为me。

15. These books are mine;those in the bag are her.

her是形容词性物主代词,后面应该加名词books,或把her 改为hers。

四. 数词

16. There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.

hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等词前有具体数字时后不加s,前面没有具体数字时在其后加s 和of,表示大约几百几千的概念。如 two

hundred students(两百个学生),hundreds of students(成百上千个学生)。例句中应把hundreds改为hundred。

17. Their school is twice as larger as our school.

表倍数关系的as...as中间只能用形容词或副词的原级。因此应把larger改为large.

18. Today’s homework is a five-hundred-words composition.

几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数,所以把five-hundred-words改为five-hundred-word.

19. Two third of the students in our school are from America.

英语表达中分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于一时分母后要加s,所以就把third 改为thirds.

五. 形容词和副词

形容词和副词容易被误用,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也是应注意的重点。

20. The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.

appear在此是个系动词,其后应接形容词作表语。所以应把nervously改为nervous.

21. The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.

此句需要一个副词来修饰,hardly是副词,但意为“几乎不”,hard 也可以是副词,表努力,因此把 hardly 改为hard.

22. This shirt is more cheaper than that one.

more只构成比较级,而不能修饰比较级。因此把more去掉。

23. He is the most successful of the two businessmen.

两者相比较时,比较级前用定冠词,三者或三者以上才用most,因此把most改为more.

24. He works less harder than he used to.

表不如?...时用less加上形容词和副词的原级,因此把harder改为hard.

25. The book is fairly more interesting than that one.

fairly只能修饰形容词和副词的原级,可以修饰比较级的副词或短语有:much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等,因此把fairly改为rather.

26. This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine.

as ? as中间的词序是as加上形容词加上a(n)加上名词再加上as,因此应改为as interesting a story as the one.

27. The weather here is nicer than Xizang.

同样的事物才能相比较,weather和Xizang不具有可比性,因此应改为The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.

29. I would rather take a train than went by bus.

这个词组为would rather do? than do?,因此把went改为go.

30. Is there interesting anything at the meeting?

修饰anything, something, everything, nothing的形容词都要放在它们的后面。

31. I never have seen such a person before.

像never之类的副词在句中应放在be动词、助动词之后,实意动词之前。因为应改为I have never seen such a person before.

32. The book is worth to be read.

be worth doing意为值得被做。因此改为The book is worth reading.

33. It is sure that he will succeed.

sure的主语只能为人,而certain的主语可为人和物。因此把sure改为certain.

34. He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present.

alive 为表语形容词,偶尔也做后置定语。因此把alive改为living,或把alive 放在writers后面。

35. I don’t know that he has finished the work yet.

yet用于否定和疑问句,already用于肯定句。把yet 改为already.

36. He said nearly nothing at the meeting.

nearly不与否定词用在同一个句子中,而almost可以。因此把nearly 改为almost。

六. 介词

37. He usually goes to school by his father’s car.

by加上名词表示一种交通方式,中间什么都不加,如by car, by bus, by plane等;如果名词前有其他的词修饰,则应用除by以外的其他介词,此处把by改为in.

38. Please wait me at the school gate.

wait为不及物动词,需加介词for后才能再跟名词或代词做宾语。

39. He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.

marry不跟 with连用,应把with改为to。

40. I finished the work on time under the help of him.


英语作文常见问题
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