篇一：美国著名发明家爱迪生的故事
美国著名发明家爱迪生的故事
爱迪生（Thomas AlvaEdison，1847～1931）美国著名发明家。1847年2月11日生于俄亥俄州米兰镇。8岁上学只读了3个月。老师骂他“小笨蛋”，因为他经常爱问为什么而让老师下不了台，他辍学后随母亲学习。他对大自然非常好奇。他可以专心致志注视榆树叶芽怎么生长，秋风如何使枫叶变色。为了试验孵小鸡，他可以长时间趴在鸡窝里；为了探索蜂巢的奥秘，他愿意被蜇得鼻青脸肿；为了试验摩擦生电，他在雄猫身上狠命搓揉直到双手伤痕累累。9岁那年，他得到一本帕克著《自然与实验哲学》，如获至宝，逐页研读，逐项实验。他在家中地窖里建起一座小实验室。从12岁起，在底特律－休伦间铁路列车上卖报，把自己的实验室搬到火车上，利用一切机会学习和实验。他还在列车上自己编印《先锋周报》，从而认识到刚问世不久的电报的作用。1862年他奋不顾身地从火车轮下救出一幼童，幼童的父亲为答谢他，教他掌握了电报技术。
1873年～1874年，他发明了同时发送二条和四条消息的发报机。1876年在纽约附近的门罗公园建立起他的“发明工厂”，一座大型实验室。许多发明就是在这里完成的。第一次世界大战时他任美国海军技术顾问委员会主席，完成多项军事产品的发明研制。1931年10月18日在新泽西州西奥兰治逝世。
他以罕见的热情及惊人的精力，在一生中完成发明2000多项，其中申请专利登记的达1328项。人们颂扬他：“他虽不发明历史，却为历史锦上添花”。这位传奇式人物取得杰出成就的奥秘在于刻苦、勤奋、坚持不懈地学习。他自己曾多次表示：“停止就意味着生锈”，“必须时常收获，而不能一生只收一次”，“我要做的事如此之多，而生命又如此短促，我不得不挤出时间。”美国著名物理学家、诺贝尔奖获得者密立根赞誉他：“他差不多已70高龄了，还在阅读科学领域出现的新书，而且不断地提出问题。”
他的主要研究领域在电学方面。在他掌握电报技术后，就日夜苦心钻研，完成了双路及四路电报装置及自动发报机。1877年改进贝尔电话装置，使电话从传送2～3英里扩大到107英里，同年发明留声机。在这期间，他付出巨大精力，研制白炽电灯。除电弧灯外，过去的“电灯”往往亮一下就烧毁了，为寻找合适的灯丝，曾对1600多种耐热材料及6000多种植物纤维进行实验，终于在1879年10月21日用碳丝做成可点燃40小时的白炽电灯。其后又不断反复改进、完善，又完成了螺纹灯座、保险丝、开关、电表等一系列发明，在此基础上完成了照明电路系统的研制。在实践中提出电灯的并联连接，直流输电的三线系统，建成了当时功率最大的发电机。1888年起研制电影，1893年建立第一座电影摄影棚。是他最先提出将电影手段用于教育，并用两个班进行试验。他的其它重大发明还有铁镍蓄电池等。
他虽然精于实验研究，对理论却缺乏足够的重视。尽管他于1885年发现热电子发射的“爱迪生效应”，但未能作出相应解释。
1931年10月21日在为他举行葬礼时，人们采用了一种独特而又恰当的方式——停电1分钟，以悼念这位伟大的发明家。这“1分钟”使人们想起他的发明
给电气时代和社会生活带来的光
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the process of invention, and because of that, he is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.[1]
Edison is the fourth most prolific inventor in history, holding 1,093 US patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. He is credited with numerous inventions that contributed to mass communication and, in particular, telecommunications. These included a stock ticker, a mechanical vote recorder, a battery for an electric car, electrical power, recorded music and motion pictures.
His advanced work in these fields was an outgrowth of his early career as a telegraph operator. Edison developed a system of electric-power generation and distribution[2] to homes, businesses, and factories – a crucial development in the modern industrialized world. His first power station was on Pearl Street in Manhattan, New York.[明，以及他的可贵的学习创造精神。
Edison is remembered most for the electric light, phonograph and his work with motion pictures.
Thomas Edison's major inventions were designed and built in the last years of the eighteen hundreds. However, most of them had their greatest effect in the twentieth century. His inventions made possible the progress of technology.
It is extremely difficult to find anyone living today who has not been affected in some way by Thomas Edison. Most people on Earth have seen some kind of motion picture or heard some kind of sound recording. And almost everyone has at least seen an electric light.
These are only three of the many devices Thomas Edison invented or helped to improve. People living in this century have had easier and more enjoyable lives because of his inventions.
VOICE TWO:
Thomas Alva Edison was born on February eleventh, eighteen forty-seven in the small town of
Milan, Ohio. He was the youngest of seven children.
Thomas Edison was self-taught. He went to school for only three months. His teacher thought he could not learn because he had a mental problem. But young Tom Edison could learn. He learned from books and he experimented.
At the age of ten, he built his own chemical laboratory. He experimented with chemicals and electricity. He built a telegraph machine and quickly learned to send and receive telegraph messages. At the time, sending electric signals over wires was the fastest method of sending information long distances. At the age of sixteen, he went to work as a telegraph operator.
He later worked in many different places. He continued to experiment with electricity. When he was twenty-one, he sent the United States government the documents needed to request the legal protection for his first invention. The government gave him his first patent on an electric device he called an Electrographic Vote Recorder. It used electricity to count votes in an election.
VOICE ONE:
In the summer months of eighteen sixty-nine, the Western Union Telegraph Company asked Thomas Edison to improve a device that was used to send financial information. It was called a stock printer. Mister Edison very quickly made great improvements in the device. The company paid him forty thousand dollars for his effort. That was a lot of money for the time.
This large amount of money permitted Mister Edison to start his own company. He announced that the company would improve existing telegraph devices and work on new inventions.
Mister Edison told friends that his new company would invent a minor device every ten days and produce what he called a "big trick" about
every six months. He also proposed that his company would make inventions to order. He said that if someone needed a device to do some kind of work, just ask and it would be invented.
VOICE TWO:
Within a few weeks Thomas Edison and his employees were working on more than forty different projects. They were either new inventions or would lead to improvements in other devices. Very quickly he was asking the United States government for patents to protect more than one hundred devices or inventions each year. He was an extremely busy man. But then Thomas Edison was always very busy.
He almost never slept more than four or five hours a night. He usually worked eighteen hours each day because he enjoyed what he was doing. He believed no one really needed much sleep. He once said that anyone could learn to go without sleep.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Thomas Edison did not enjoy taking to reporters. He thought it was a waste of time. However, he did talk to a reporter in nineteen seventeen. He was seventy years old at the time and still working on new devices and inventions.
The reporter asked Mister Edison which of his many inventions he enjoyed the most. He answered quickly, the phonograph. He said the phonograph was really the most interesting. He also said it took longer to develop a machine to reproduce sound than any other of his inventions.
Thomas Edison told the reporter that he had listened to many thousands of recordings. He especially liked music by Brahms, Verdi and Beethoven. He also liked popular music.
Many of the recordings that Thomas Edison listened to in nineteen seventeen can still be enjoyed today. His invention makes it possible for people around the world to enjoy the same recorded sound.
VOICE TWO:
The reporter also asked Thomas Edison what was the hardest invention to develop. He answered quickly again -- the electric light. He said that it was the most difficult and the most
important.
Before the electric light was invented, light was provided in most homes and buildings by oil or natural gas. Both caused many fires each year. Neither one produced much light.
Mister Edison had seen a huge and powerful electric light. He believed that a smaller electric light would be extremely useful.He and his employees began work on the electric light.
VOICE ONE:
An electric light passes electricity through material called a filament or wire. The electricity makes the filament burn and produce light. Thomas Edison and his employees worked for many months to find the right material to act as the filament.
Time after time a new filament would produce light for a few moments and then burn up. At last Mister Edison found that a carbon fiber produced light and lasted a long time without burning up. The electric light worked.
At first, people thought the electric light was extremely interesting but had no value. Homes and businesses did not have electricity. There was no need for it.
Mister Edison started a company that provided electricity for electric lights for a small price each month. The small company grew slowly at first. Then it expanded rapidly. His company was the beginning of the electric power industry.
VOICE TWO:
Thomas Edison also was responsible for the very beginnings of the movie industry. While he did not invent the idea of the motion picture, he greatly improved the process. He also invented the modern motion picture film.
When motion pictures first were shown in the late eighteen hundreds, people came to see movies of almost anything -- a ship, people walking on the street, new automobiles. But in time, these moving pictures were no longer interesting.
In nineteen-oh-three, an employee of Thomas Edison's motion picture company produced a movie with a story. It was called "The Great Train Robbery." It told a simple story of a group of western criminals who steal money from a train. Later they are killed by a group of police in a gun fight. The movie was extremely popular. "The Great Train Robbery" started the huge motion picture industry.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
篇二：爱迪生是世界闻名的发明家
爱迪生是世界闻名的发明家．他是美国人, 小时
候因为家里穷, 只上了3 个月学, 十一二岁就开始卖报．他热爱科学, 常常把钱节省下来, 买科学书报和化学药品．他做实验的器具, 是从垃圾堆里拣来的一些瓶瓶罐罐．
爱迪生12 岁的时候, 在火车上卖报．火车上有
一节给乘客吸烟的专用车厢, 车长同意他在那里占用一个角落．他把化学药品和瓶瓶罐罐都搬到那里, 卖完了报, 就做各种有趣的实验．
有一次, 火车开动的时候猛地一震, 把一瓶白磷
震倒了．磷一遇到空气马上燃烧起来．许多人赶来, 和爱迪生一起把火扑灭了．车长气极了, 把爱迪生做实验的东西全扔了出去, 还狠狠打了他一个耳光, 把他的一只耳朵打聋了．
爱迪生钻研科学的决心没有动摇．他省吃俭用,
重新做起化学实验来．
还有一次, 硫酸烧毁了他的衣服; 还有一次, 硝
酸差一点儿弄瞎了他的眼晴．
他没有被危险吓倒, 还是顽强地做实验．
爱迪生试制电灯, 为了找到一种价钱便宜、使用时间长的灯丝, 不知做了多少次实验．他常常在实验室里一连工作几十个小时, 实在太累了, 就躺在实验台上
睡一会儿．他这样不懈地努力, 终于找到了合适的灯丝, 发明了电灯．后来, 爱迪生又发明了电影、留声机......他一生中发明的东西有1000多种．
爱迪生将他毕生的精力都用在造福全人类的伟大
事业上; 而在衣着方面, 从不过多考虑．
当他还是没出名的穷小伙子时, 有一天, 他在纽
约大街上遇到一位朋友．
―瞧你身上这件大衣已经破成这个样子, 应该给自己买一件新大衣啦! ‖朋友说．
―用得着吗？在纽约没有人认识我．‖爱迪生毫不在乎地回答．
几年过去了, 爱迪生成了大发明家．有一次, 他又在纽约大街上又遇到了那位朋友．
‖哎呀呀, 爱迪生先生! ‖那位朋友惊叫起来, ‖这回呀, 你无论如何也要换一件新大衣了! ‖
‖用得着吗？‖爱迪生还是毫不在乎地回答, ‖在这里, 人们都已经认识我了．‖
诺贝尔小时候身体非常瘦弱。十岁时，随母亲前往俄国的贝德尔堡，与父亲团聚，并开始接受家庭
教师的指导。十七岁时，到美国留学，两年之后回国，进入父亲的公司从事研究工作。
诺贝尔受了父亲的影响，对研究炸药很有兴趣，
后来因为制造炸药和开发油田，赚了很多钱。但是，他看见自己发明的炸药用于战争，感到十分痛心，故毕生努力呼吁世人把火药用于和平。诺贝尔用他的巨额财产成立基金，每年发奖金给世界上对物理、化学、生物、医学、文学、和平事业有杰出贡献的人。能够获得诺贝尔奖金，一直被认为是一种极大的荣誉呢!
居里夫人天下闻名，但她既不求名也不求利。她一生获得各种奖金10次，各种奖章16枚，各种名誉头衔107个，却全不在意。有一天，她的一位朋友来她家做客，忽然看见她的小女儿正在玩英国皇家学会刚刚颁发给她的金质奖章，于是惊讶地说―居里夫人，得到一枚英国皇家学会的奖章，是极高的荣誉，你怎么能给孩子玩呢?‖居里夫人笑了笑说：―我是想让孩子从小就知道，荣誉就像玩具，只能玩玩而已，绝不能看得太重，否则就将一事无成。‖
岳飞在中国北方，有一个叫女真族的部落不断闯到中国来抢东西、杀人、放火。让很多很多人没有房子往，没有东西吃。而当时的皇帝，他成天
吃喝玩东，大把大把地花钱，根本不顾老百姓的死活。为了修一座宫殿，他抓了很多人拴上绳子，让他们干活。女真族的部队也就是这个时候侵略中国。
岳飞在家里听到逃难的老百姓说了这些事后心里非常着急，于是他准备离家参军保卫国家。临走的前一天晚上，岳飞的妈妈舍不得岳飞离开家，眼泪在眼框里不停地打转，但为了祖国的安危，岳飞的妈妈给岳飞讲了很多要为祖国增光的事。最后岳飞的妈妈又取来针，让岳飞跪在地上托着小墨盒，在岳飞的脊背上刺了四个字―精忠报国―，她这样做是为了让岳习永远记住，要忠于自己的祖国和保卫国家。
越王勾践带着夫人和大臣范去吴国服苦役越王给阖闾看坟给夫差喂马，还给夫差脱鞋，服侍夫差上厕所。夫差的几匹马被勾践喂得滚瓜溜圆，夫差出去游猎时，勾践要跪伏在马下。让夫差着他的脊梁上马。勾践两人受尽嘲笑和侮辱为图复国大计。勾践顽强忍耐着吴国对他的精神和内体折磨，对吴王夫差表现得恭敬驯服。越王勾践在一次战争中被吴国打败，只得向吴屈辱求和。在吴王的威逼之下，勾践还到吴国宫廷中服了三年的苦役，过着牛马不如的生活。勾践被释放回国以后，为了奋发图强，报仇雪耻，他睡觉躺在硬柴
上，坐卧饮食都要尝一下苦胆，以不忘国家破亡的痛楚，激励自己的勇气和斗志。
科学家霍金小时候的学习能力似乎并不强，他很晚才学会阅读，上学后在班级里的成绩从来没有进过前10名，而且因为作业总是―很不整洁‖，老师们觉得他已经―无可救药‖了，同学们也把他当成了嘲弄的对象。在霍金12岁时，他班上有两个男孩子用一袋糖果打赌，说他永远不能成材，同学们还带有讽刺意味地给他起了个外号叫―爱因斯坦‖。谁知，20多年后，当年毫不出众的小男孩真的成了物理界一位大师级人物。这究竟是什么原因呢？
原来，随着年龄渐长，小霍金对万事万物如何运行开始感兴趣起来，他经常把东西拆散以追根究底，但在把它们恢复组装回去时，他却束手无策，不过，他的父母并没有因此而责罚他，他的父亲甚至给他担任起数学和物理学―教练‖。在十三四岁时，霍金发现自己对物理学方面的研究非常有兴趣，虽然中学物理学太容易太浅显，显得特别枯燥，但他认为这是最基础的科学，有望解决人们从何处来和为何在这里的问题。从此，霍金开始了真正的科学探索。
张海迪小时候是一个健康活泼的小姑娘，5岁不幸患了严重的疾病，动了大手术，脊柱板摘去了6块，从
篇三：大发明家爱迪生的故事
大发明家爱迪生的故事
爱迪生是一位伟大的电学家、发明家。他生于美国俄亥俄州的迈兰，自幼就在父亲的木工厂做工，由于家庭贫困，一生只在学校读过三个月书。但他从小热爱科学，自己刻苦钻研，醉心于发明，正式登记的发明达1328种，被称为世界发明大王。他的发明创造不仅靠聪明才智，而且靠艰辛的科学实践。例如他发明电灯时，光收集资料，就用了200本笔记本；为了找到合适的灯丝，先后用过铜丝、白金丝等一千六百多种材料，还用过头发和各种不同的竹丝，最后选中了日本的一种竹丝，经过燃烧炭化后，成为最初的灯丝。正如他自己所说：“发明是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的血汗。”
爱迪生不光彩的一页
1888年，美国电气工程师特斯拉和威斯汀决定发展交流电事业。爱迪生为了自己的直流电生意，激烈反对使用交流电，险些将交流电的使用扼杀于摇篮之中，延迟人类文明的进程。
他专门建立起一座巨大的实验室，雇用小学生们到街上去抓小猫小狗等牲畜做实验，残忍地将它们置于交流电下电死。他还疏通了纽约州监狱的官员，让他们答应将绞刑改为电刑，即改用交流电的电刑。由于没有经验，当局所使用的电荷太弱，犯人只是被电得半死。据当时媒体报道，这种恐怖的景象，比绞刑可怕得多。从此，交流电声名狼藉。交流电的推广和应用陷入了严重的困境之中。
面对科学发明巨人爱迪生的连续诽谤和攻击，特斯拉与威斯汀毫不气馁。他们坚持实验，以大量的事实证明交流电具有安全、可靠等优点。
1893年，在芝加哥万国博览会上，交流电以其明显的优越性得到了人们的认同。
一八七七年秋天的一个早晨，爱迪生从美国一个叫梅罗国的地方，来到纽约一家杂志编辑部办公室。他小心翼翼地捧着一个奇形怪状的小东西。这小东西上面有一根长长的金属杠，一端有一个大点的轮子，另一端有个小把手。爱迪生把摇手摇转，然后把一小张锡纸裹上圆筒，再装上一根小针，对着圆筒唱了一句婴儿催眠歌。动作完毕，机器又重新转动起来，它竟一字不漏地把催眠歌重新唱了出来。形容当时在场的人的第一个感想，仅仅说惊异是不够的了。人们大乐不支，所有编辑部的人都互相大声传告，说爱迪生带来了一架会说话的怪物。在短时间内，市内各家报馆的新闻记者象潮水般地涌来，都争着要看一看这个在世界上最新奇的机器，一时把报馆挤得水泄不通。这一发明一经传出，激起当时社会急速而巨大的狂热达数月之久。铁路特开专车去参观。许多人开始不相信这个发明，疑心他是先在里面藏个什么会说话的东西骗人的。有个教堂的主教用最高速度对着收音盘背诵圣经中的一串专门名词，当这些名词一字不漏地从机器中重复发出来时，他们才相信这东西没有半点虚假。 这就是世界上第一架留声机问世时的情景。人们在赞叹之余，都称发明者爱迪生是个“妖魔”。其实，“妖魔”这个雅号远不是从留声机这一件发明才有的，而是伴随他的整个一生的。因为他的发明创造实在太多了。电灯、电话、电影、电报机、发电机、蓄电池、打字机、磁铁矿分离机、压力表等
等，都是他的发明。据不完全统计，自从他发明第一台自动数票机的一八六九年至一九一0年，他一共领得一千三百二十八种发明专利权，约计在此时期，每十一天他就有一个发明。正因为这样，他被人们称为“妖魔”是理所当然的了。可是，这个“妖魔”人物的真正魔力究竟出自哪里呢？他自己这样说：“一分灵感，九十九分血汗。”顽强的毅力、惊人的勤奋，正是他真正的“魔力”所在。
发端于少年爱迪生，他只念过三个月的小学。学校老师说他“愚呆”，亲友们也都这样称呼他。而他的母亲并不相信这一点，亲自做他的教师，引导他去读一些书。不到十二岁，他就读完了不少难读的书，他的父亲还引导他攻读过牛顿原理。家庭的教育和影响，使他从小就养成了勤奋的精神和惊人的毅力。
爱迪生很喜欢科学。他很小就在自己家的地窖里，储存了几百个各种试验用的瓶子，建起了一个小实验室。他把平时省吃俭用的钱，全部花在购买化学用品和化学仪器上。但光靠这个钱是不能满足试验需要的、于是，他就到火车上当卖报童。他每天清晨登车，晚上九时后回家，搞完试验常常到深夜才能休息。后来，他发现火车上行李车厢中有一间吸烟室未用，他就把家中地窖里的试验品搬到这上来，坚持做化学试验。在这里，他还学会使用陈设在这儿的一台印字机，并能用电报号码记录当地新闻，办了一份报纸。这份报纸大
受欢迎，销路可观，此时他才十二岁。有一天，火车摇晃，行李滑下来，把他试验用的一支磷杆摔到地下，车厢立即着火。火被赶到现场的人扑灭了，可是车长却打聋了他的耳朵，造成终身残废。车长还把他的“四轮实验室”和“旅行印刷房”里的东西统统踢到车下。困难和挫折没有影响爱迪生搞科学实验的决心，他又在家中建起了试验室。遭电打、烧毁衣服，在试验中是常有的事。
有一次，他的脸部被硝酸烧得不成模样了。即使这样他也从不灰心。爱迪生最早所作的努力，大大有助于他以后的发明创造。但是，和其他伟大的发明家一样，爱迪生所走过的道路是不平坦的。他当过夜班电报生。在书摊和图书馆消磨很多精力。但由于几次失业，最后不得不到纽约投奔朋友。爱迪生不辞千辛万苦来到了纽约。这个时候，他口袋里连一个小钱也没有。他饿急了，只好向人讨了点茶水喝，这是他到纽约后的第一顿饭。在这里，他好久才找到朋友，但他的朋友也处在失业之中。饥困交加的爱迪生，容仪拙陋，衣着褴褛，被人看不起。后来，他被允许夜宿在一家电池室里。刚好室内设置一台发布市价的通信机器，在他到来的第三天早上，这部机器出了故障，由于他留心钻研，很快帮助人家修好了这台机器，而被留下来，这才找到了工作。从这以后，他奋发努力，与人合作改革，市价通信机而崭露头角。不久，
他开设了一个生产这种通信机的小工厂，逐步走上了科学研究的道路。
《伟大的发明家安迪生》
由：免费论文网互联网用户整理提供,链接地址：
http://m.csmayi.cn/show/127313.html
转载请保留,谢谢!
- 上一篇：网络研修总结
- 下一篇：进取心不强整改措施